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- ItemThe Sorghum Functional Foods Utilization to Prevent Cancer in Foods Diversification Efforts(Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Yuszda K. SalimiSorghum is potential source of antioxidants because it contains phytochemical components such as flavonoids, phenols hydroquinone, sterols and tannins. Phenolic antioxidants and flavonoids in sorghum as scavenger to free radicals potentially inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This research aims to study the activity of extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of sorghum on the inhibition of proliferation of several cancer cell line. All three extracts of sorghum were evaluated on the cytotoxic Artemia salina Leach, lymphocytes, lung cancer cells (A549), colon cancer cells (HCT 116), cervical cancer cells (Hela), and lymphoma cancer cells (Raji). The results showed sorghum extract can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. The concentration of extract in inhibiting cancer cell varied and generally the higher the concentration the higher the inhibitory activity of extracts of cancer cells. Sorghum extract inhibits proliferation of A 549 cancer cells d” 24%, HCT 116 d” 22%, Hela d” 25%, and Raji cancer cells d” 80%. Sorghum extract has the highest inhibitory activity on Raji cells. Inhibition of cancer cells Raji (80.08%) were shown by ethanol extracts of sorghum (2600ìg/ml).
- ItemSoil Chemistry and Yield of Maize as Influenced by Different Levels of Fertilizer in Ex-Tin Land Central Bangka, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung(Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Asmarhansyah; D. Rusmawan; MuzammilKepulauan Bangka Belitung is one of the world’s main tin-producing centers. Ex-tin lands have low soil fertility status, but these lands have a potency to be used as agricultural lands through fertilizing. The aim of this study was to study the influence of fertilizer application on soil chemistry and yield of maize in ex-tins mining lands Central Bangka, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. The study was done in ex-tin mining land in Perlang Village Central Bangka, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung and was arranged in randomized block design with 3 (three) treatments and replicated 3 (three) times. The treatments were (1) urea: 200, SP-36: 150, KCl: 100 kg/ha; (2) urea: 250, SP-36: 150, KCl: 100 kg/ha, and (3) urea: 300, SP-36: 200, KCl: 150 kg/ha. The maize variety used was Lagaligo. The results showed that the application of fertlizer increased the soil chemistry properties of ex-tin mining land, namely total-N, soil P, and soil K. The increasing of fertilizer rate significantly increased the growth and yield of maize. The application of urea: 300, SP-36: 200, KCl: 150 kg/ha gave the highest yield of maize (4.43 t/ha).
- ItemGrowth Characteristics of Three Cultivars Maize Plants in Symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi(Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Novri Youla Kandowangko; Yuliana RetnowatiThis study aimed to investigate the growth characteristics of three cultivars maize plants in symbiosis with arbuskular mycorrhizal fungi. Greenhouse experiments are presented using a randomized block design factorial. The first factor is the cultivar of maize plant consists of three levels, namely: local maize cultivar Motoro (k1), hybrid corn cultivars Bisi-2 (k2), and composite maize cultivars Sukmaraga (k3). The second factor is the type of inoculant AMF (Arbuskular Mycorrhizal Fungi) consisting of two levels, namely: without inoculant AMF (m0) and inoculant AMF (m1) in the form of propagule consisting of spores, hyphae and roots infected with a dose of 7.5 g/plant. All combined treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the growth characteristic of three cultivars of maize plants in symbiosis with arbuskular mycorrhizal fungi varies. Motoro maize cultivars had the highest rate of growth of plants compared cultivars Sukmaraga and Bisi-2. In contrast, leaf area index value of maize cultivars Bisi- 2 higher than the cultivars Motoro and Sukmaraga. Motoro maize cultivars were more responsive to inoculation arbuskular mycorrhizal fungi compared with maize cultivars Sukmaraga and Bisi-2.
- ItemFarmers’ Perceptions to the Maize Integrated Crop Management in Dryland Agro-Ecosystem of Timor Island(Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Helena Da Silva; B. Murdolelono; E. BudisantosoMaize is the staple food crop grown on higher than 85% of smallholder land in Timor Island, but maize yield only 2.55 t/ha, while potential yield higher than 5 t/ha. To increase farmer’s productivity use maize integrated crop management (ICM) approach. Demonstration plot of maize ICM is a strategy for disseminate new technology of maize, which demonstration was conducted in 70 sites of dry land agro-ecosystem in Timor Tengah Utara (TTU) district, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) province during November 2011-April 2012. The study aims to evaluated farmer’s perceptions of maize ICM technologies and probability their adoption. Data gathered through structured survey involved 600 farmers that distributed into 60 villages of plot demonstration sites. The research showed that farmers have optimistic view to the ICM of maize due to: (a) farmers aware that maize farming with good management showed higher yield than existing practices, (b) Farmers prefers to use organic fertilizers than an-organic fertilizers, (c) farmers strongly believes that high seed quality will increase yield, (d) farmers keep the seed from introduced varieties to be planted in the next season, (e) 73% of farmers is ready to buy seed if there is no longer government or NGOs’ support, (f) farmers believe that new cropping pattern (new varieties, space planting and fertilizing) can increase maize yield, (g) Even without extension workers’ assistance, farmers will continue to applied ICM of maize, and (h) the possible technology components to be adopted are planting space, new varieties and organic fertilizer; while farmers still reluctant to spend money to buy an-organic fertilizers.
- ItemSeed Genetic Purity Assessment of Hybrid Maize Using Microsatellite Markers (SSR)(Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Awaludin Hipi; Memen Surahman; Satriyas Ilyas; GiyantoThe development of hybrid varieties should be supported by the availability of quality seeds. Genetic purity is one of the quality criteria required for successful seed production of hybrid maize. In producing hybrid seeds are often contaminated by crosses pollen from another variety or the occurrence of selfing. The objective of this study was 1) to get microsatellite markers (SSR) specific for male and female parents, 2) to get a percentage of the genetic purity of hybrid maize seeds cv.Bima-3 and Bima-4. The study was conducted at the Laboratory Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Bogor, from April until December 2011. Parental lines used were to production hybrid cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4. Hybrid maize varieties and their parental lines seed used were derived from Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (BALITSEREAL) Maros and markers SSR selected for parental lines were phi109275, phi96100, phi374118, phi328175, and phi072. The assessment of genetic purity used two hybrid varieties namely cv.Bima-3 and Bima-4, and used specific markers resulted from identification for both parental hybrid. Fourty samples individual plants of each hybrid maize variety were tested. From 5 markers tested, three of them produced polymorphic bands namely phi96100, phi328175 and phi072. The phi96100 was specific to parental cv.Bima-4, phi072 was specific for parental cv.Bima-3. While phi328175 was specific markers to parental of both hybrids maize were tested. The test of the genetic purity showed that 80% of the cv.Bima-4 and 97.5% cv.Bima-3 hybrid seeds genetically pure. The results of study are expected to be useful in the verification and seed purity test varieties of hybrid maize faster and more accurate