Serealia

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    Application of Technology in Farming and Corn Waste at South Sulawesi
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Sunanto; Eka Triana Yuniarsih; M. Asaad
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important food crops other than wheat and rice. Productivity is still low at only reached 4.3 t/ha. Corn needs to increase. Corn crops in all the components can be useful directly or indirectly. The research was conducted in South Sulawesi in February until June 2012, with survey methods and observation at 120 farmer respondents. Assessment results indicate that corn farming on dry land and paddy fields after rice in South Sulawesi is a potential, as supported by natural resources and human resources (farmers). The results of the feasibility analysis of maize farming feasible to be developed because it gives the production rate of 5.930 kgs/ha at a cost of Rp 6,220,600/ha and revenue of Rp 14,825,000/ha. So that the income of Rp 8,604,400/ha with the R/C 2.38. Corn wastes can be used as animal feed, the farmer is often used among other components of the leaves, stems, and klobot by providing support equal 3 cows for 312 days. The advice given is guidance to farmers should be increased because farmers have a responsibility to change the level of technology is quite high, but it also supported the willingness and ability of farmers. Continued integration of crop assessment- cattle on dry land and paddy fields to utilize agricultural wastes, agricultural wastes that have added value.
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    Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia
    (MDPI, 2021-04-15) Erythrina, Erythrina; Anshori, Arif; Bora, Charles Y.; Dewi, Dina O.; Lestari, Martina Sri; Mustaha, Muhammad A.; Remija, Khadijah E.; Rauf, Abdul W.; Mikasari, Wilda; Surdianto, Yanto; Suriadi, Ahmad; Darwis, Valeriana; Syahbuddin, Haris
    In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha 1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha 1 ), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha 1 ) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha 1 , with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha 1 , respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management 1 with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.
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    Bahan Publikasi Pengembangan Gandum
    (Direktorat Budidaya Serealia, 2008) Direktorat Budidaya Serealia; Direktorat Budidaya Serealia
    Gandum merupakan biji-bijian yang kaya akan nutrisi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh. Gandum yang lebih dikenal dengan nama terigu pemakaiannya cukup besar hampir mencapai 6 juta ton/tahun dengan konsumsi rata-rata 17/kg/kapita/tahun, bila seluruh kebutuhan dalam negeri impor bisa diprediksi berapa devisa yang harus dikeluarkan. Kebutuhan terigu ini akan terus meningkat dengan adanya perubahan pola makan masyarakat perkotaan yang praktis dan siap saji seperti roti dan mie dan pola makan ini juga sudah bergeser sampai ke perdesaan.
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    Budi Daya Jagung Terstandar
    (Pertanian Press, 2024) Sulaiman, Andi Amran; Djufry, Fadjry; Bahrun, Abd. Haris; Nur, Amin
    Jagung mempunyai banyak manfaat, sebagai bahan pangan, bahan pakan untuk ternak, serta bahan baku industri. Kebutuhan jagung terus mengalami peningkatan, namun ketersediaannya sering kali terbatas. Perlu upaya peningkatan produksi baik melalui perluasan lahan (ektensifikasi), maupun peningkatan produktivitas (intensifikasi). Peningkatan produksi yang dilakukan akan lebih efektif jika sesuai standar yang ditetapkan. Buku ini berisi teori dan cara budi daya jagung yang baik. Beberapa aplikasi teknis dan terstandar dapat dikembangkan dan diikuti untuk peningkatan produksi tanaman jagung secara optimal. Penulisan buku ini mengacu pada standar budi daya jagung yang digunakan pada budi daya tanaman pangan yang baik (Good Agriculture Practice) SNI 6989:2021. Buku ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi bagi para mahasiswa, praktisi, ilmuwan dan masyarakat umum yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan budi daya dan pengelolaan tanaman jagung secara terstandar.
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    Budidaya Gandum
    (Direktorat Serealia, 2004) Direktorat Serealia
    Gandum sebagai komoditi pangan alternatif sampai tahun 2004 sudah mencapai ratusan hektar yang tersebar di 10 Propinsi dan 22 Kabupaten. Untuk tahun 2005 rencana pengembangan akan dilaksanakan di 17 Propinsi dan 34 Kabupaten, sebagai sentra produksi akan dikonsentrasikan di Pulau Jawa . Banyaknya daerah - daerah yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan gandum di Indnesia yaitu pada datarn tinggi > 800 mdpl sangat membuka peluang untuk pengembangan gandum, selain itu keistimewaan bertanam gandum tidak menggantikan tanaman utama seperti padi sawah karena ditanam pada lahan kering pada saat awal musim kemarau atau ahkhir musim penghujan. Pertanaman yang dilakukan di lahan sayuran pada dataran tinggi dilakukan dengan cropping system atau sesudah sayuran semusim.
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    Budidaya Jagung Dengan Konsep Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT)
    (Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sulawesi Tengah, 2007) Bakhri, Syamsul
    Jagung sampai saat ini masih merupakan komoditi strategis kedua setelah padi karena di beberapa daerah, jagung masih merupakan bahan makanan pokok kedua setelah beras. Jagung juga mempunyai arti penting dalam pengembangan industri di Indonesia karena merupakan bahan baku untuk industri pangan maupun industri pakan ternak khusus pakan ayam. Dengan semakin berkembangnya industri pengolahan pangan di Indonesia maka kebutuhan akan jagung akan semakin meningkat pula. Usaha peningkatan produksi jagung di Indonesia telah digalakan melalui dua program utama yakni: (1) Ekstensifikasi (perluasan areal) dan (2) intensifikasi (peningkatan produktivitas). Program peluasan areal tanaman jagung selain memanfaatkan lahan kering juga lahan sawah, baik sawah irigasi maupun lahan sawah tadah hujan melalui pengaturan pola tanam. Usaha peningkatan produksi jagung melalui program intensifikasi adalah dengan melakukan perbaikan teknologi dan manajemen pengelolaan. Usaha usaha tersebut nyata meningkatkan produktivitas jagung terutama dengan penerapan teknologi inovatif yang lebih berdaya saing (produktif, efisien dan berkualitas) telah dapat menghasilkan jagung sebesar 7 – 9 ton/ha seperti ditem ukannya varietas ungul baru dengan tingkat produktvitas tinggi dan metode manajemen pengelolaan tanaman dan sumberdaya secara terpadu.
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    Buku Pintar Serealia Lain
    (Direktorat Budidaya Serealia, 2013) Direktorat Budidaya Serealia
    Buku ini berisi informasi serealia lain yaitu sorgum, gandum, jewawut, dan hotong mengenai luas panen, produktivitas, potensi lahan, keragaan ekspor-impor, analisa usaha tani, teknologi budidaya, kandungan nutrisi, varietas, kemitraan, dan pengolahan.
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    Buku Teknologi Budidaya Sorgum dan Gandum
    (Direktorat Budidaya Serealia, 2013) Direktorat Budidaya Serealia
    Buku ini berisi informasi serealia lain yaitu sorgum dan gandum mengenai prospek dan peluang pengembangan, kebijakan, strategi, dan teknologi budidaya.
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    Cara Cepat Swasembada Jagung
    (IAARD Press, 2018) Sulaiman, Andi Amran; Kariyasa, I Ketut; Hoerudin; Subagyono, Kasdi; Bahar, Farid A.; Badan Litbang Pertanian
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    Cara Cepat Swasembada Jagung
    (2017) Andi Amran Sulaiman; I Ketut Kariyasa; Hoerudin; Kasdi Subagyono; Suwandi; Farid A. Bahar
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    Characterization of Eight Maize Varieties with a Low Glycemic Index to Support Food Security
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Nur Richana; Ratnaningsih; Abdullah Bin Arif; Maulida Hayuningtyas
    This study looking for non rice food alternative was carried out to support the food security program of Indonesia. As an agricultural country rich of genetic diversity including food crops, Indonesia has much many promising alternative sources for substitution and/or instead of rice as stapple food. One of them is maize which have many varieties for food and/or feed. Characterization of some varieties of maize is very useful to increase utilization as raw material of food. Eight varieties of maize i.e. Srikandi Putih, Anoman, Bisi 2, and local: Tretep, Kodok, Tlogomulyo, Sili and Pulut of Temanggung maize central areas were evaluated of their physical and chemical characteristics. Their physical characteristics of maize seed showed i.e.: weight of 100 grains, length, width, and height are; 19.8-33.4 g, 8-10 mm, 3-6 mm, and 7.9-11 mm respectively. Brightness level (L) maize kernels and thermal conductivity are : 88.1-93.8 and 0.256 to 0.275 (W/m.oC). The chemical composition of maize grain i.e.: moisture, ash, fat, protein, and amylose contents are: 5.9-11.5, 0.4-1.7, 3.2-4.2, 6.7- 11, and 15.7 to 29.0% respectively. Analysis of levels insoluble and soluble dietary fiber corn kernels in a row are 5-6.6%, and 1.1-1.3%. The maize starch digestibility of several varieties of maize 65.4-75%. Local Sili and Anoman varieties showed highest and lowest maize starch digestibility. The results turned out to be the glycemic index of eight varieties of maize is very low 28.7 41.7, the highest is Srikandi Putih variety. However, for the highest of glycemic index is still very low compared to other food grains. Thus maize is the best diet for diabetics.
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    Climate Change and Southern Rust (Puccinia polysora Underw.) Infection on Corn Cultivars in Korea
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Claudino Ninas Nabais; Soon-Kwon Kim; Nwe Win Win; Dhami Narayanan Bahadul; Abu Hendri Saputra; Mohammad Afhzal Sarwari; Tungalag Munkhbat; Don Ho; Moon Ka Hee
    Southern rust is considered as a tropical disease reducing corn (Zea mays L.) production. We found similar symptoms at Kunwi Farm in 2006. We have carried out four sets trials of Silage 1 (69B x P45) and Silage 2 (51B x P45) in Jeju and Kunwi in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Materials of P45, 69B and 51B were obtained from Kyungpook National University (KNU) gene bank to develop resistant inbred lines. We used a possibility random mating to all genotypes. Field experiments were designed in a RCBD with three replications. Important agronomic traits were rated and analyzed with SAS 9.1 program, 2005. In Jeju, Southern rust infection was confirmed with highly significant different (P=0.001) for both Silage 1 and Silage 2. The infection was highly positive correlation (y=1.565 + 0.708x; r2=0.433 and y=2.468 + 0.483x; r2=0.358) with commercial value for Silage 1 and Silage 2, respectively. In Kunwi, the disease was also confirmed with significant (P=0.041) and highly significant (P=0.001) different for Silage 1 and Silage 2, respectively. The infections were low (y=2.337 + 0.372x; r2=0.202) and highly (y=1.596 + 0.517x; r2=0.371) positive correlation for Silage 1 and Silage 2, respectively.
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    Conditioning Effects on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize Seed (Zea mays L.)
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Fauziah Koes,; Ramlah Arief; Sigit Budi Santoso
    Low seed vigor causes poor seedling emergence which later on create poor plant establishment and eventually reduce yield. Various seed invigoration have been extensively carried out to improve deteriorated seed vigor due to storage. Matriconditioning is advanced method that effectively increases seed vigor. This research was conducted at Indonesian Cereals Research Institute from July to September 2010, which aimed to evaluate the effect of matriconditioning treatments on physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize seed. The treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design, with three kind of matrix media i.e., straw, ash and sawdust. Seeds used were freshly-harvested and 6 months-storage and each treatment used three replications. Results shows that straw matrix gave the best value on seed germination (98%) and germination speed (30,69%) of freshlyharvested seeds. Whereas, stored seed gave significant result only in seed germination (91%). Shoot-root length ratio highest value was obtained in ash matrix media (1,18 cm), which correlate with the best treatment for root length (12.62 cm). Electrical conductivity observation proved that matriconditioning using straw matrix media gave the lowest conductance, thus confirmed its ability to improved seed vigor for both new and storage seed.
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    Connecting Maize Farmers to the Markets: Creating Systemic Change
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Fahad Ifaz
    The maize market in Bangladesh has been lagging behind demand, with the shortfall met by imports. Consequently, the potential of maize – still a new crop in the country – to contribute to growth and poverty reduction has not been realized to its full extent. Maize was an important and growing industry. From a low base in 1990, production nationally had increased15-fold (and by 50% in the 2000-2003 periods). Its growth had been fuelled entirely by the large rise in the poultry sector since maize is the principal ingredient in poultry feed. Bangladesh production competes directly with imports for the feed market. Strong domestic demand was manifested in high prices and relatively high returns for farmers. The essential economic logic of focusing on the sector –were dominant in Katalyst‘s mind, the wider employment and poverty-reducing impacts were also taken into account. Katalyst‘s view was that higher returns from maize would reach the poor in a number of ways: a) As agriculture small-holders – from the relatively high returns to maize growing b) as labourers and employees to others: although there are no official employment figures, maize is accepted generally to be slightly more employment intensive per crop than rice and potato (although less so than tobacco and vegetables) and much more employment intensive than wheat and pulses. Katalyst also believed that improved performance in the maize industry would lead to improved feedstock and greater competitiveness for the poultry sector. Three to five million people5 were estimated to be involved in the poultry sector. If continuing low output in response to strong demand conditions was the main symptom of poor market performance, for Katalyst, the key questions were clear: (1) What were the constraints that prevented appropriate solutions from emerging through the market system (i.e. why wasn’t the market working?), and(2) What could be done by Katalyst to address these issues?2Beyond certain generic problems, there were more specific, inter-related issues that subdued output growth, all related to the “newness” of the crop in Bangladesh. The immediate causes were a) weak access to markets and input b) adopting maize as a crop in the current cropping pattern c) access to finance d) knowledge on nutrient management and soil fertility issue.The underlying cause was the poor private sector involvement in the maize market. And thus questions like why was the market system not providing a solution to weak knowledge and information? In particular, market players appeared to be especially slow to learn about new ideas and opportunities in issues like procurement systems such as contract farming: why was this so?Katalyst assessed that maize contract farming can be a tool to trigger the leverage points which will feed in to solve some of the underlying issues and also help serve a issues in the other markets like the poultry feed market.
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    Consumer’s Preference of Corn Pudding Formulated with Corn Flour and Carragenan
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Lisna Ahmad; Muh. Tahir
    The aims of this research was to produce instant puding from corn and carragenan flour and to determine the respons of consumer to organoleptic analysis and other chemistry compound from that product. The method of this research was experimental design that directly tested by 150 trained panelists. There are three formulation was observed called were A formulation (70% corn flour: 30% carrageenan flour), B formulation (60% corn flour: 40% carrageenan flour) and C formulation (50% corn flour: 50 % flour carrageenan) with these indicators were colour, texture and flavor of the corn pudding. The results of research from organoleptic analysis showed that the color of corn pudding of C formulation has higher average than the corn pudding A and B formulations. The statistical test showed that formulation treatment was given significant effect to colour of corn pudding, but not significant effect to texture and flavour indicators. The result for consumer preference showed that + 77% consumer “like” this product.
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    Corn Hominy, a Potential Material for Biodegradable Foam
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) E.S. Iriani; T.T. Irawadi; T.C. Sunarti; N. Richana; I. Yuliasih
    Our dependence on styrofoam for single used food packaging is very high due to its high strength, low density and low cost. However, despite of all the advantages, there are some problems caused by styrofoam such as enviromental issued and health problems. Agromaterials such as corn hominy, a by-product of dry-milling industry, is a potential source to be used as raw material for biodegradable foam production due to its composition that contains starch, fiber, protein and lipid which are necessary for producing biofoam. Fibers can act as reinforcement fillers, meanwhile starch needed for expansion and also as a binder. Protein as natural polymer can synergized with starch to perform strength matrix. Fat will acts as lubricant for demolding process and also as plasticizer to improve mechanical properties of the foam. Some additional materials such as tapioca and synthetic polymer such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVOH) still needed to improve physical and mechanical properties of biofoam. There are many techniques that can be used for producing biodegradable foam such as thermopressing, extrusion, and microwave assisted moulded. Different techniques resulted different shape and function of biofoam such as peanut foam, tray biofoam or molded biofoam. Utilization of corn hominy for producing biodegradable foam, can increase added value of corn hominy, decreasing enviromental problem such as pollution caused by styrofoam and also improve the level of public health.
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    Deskripsi Variatas Unggul Jagung
    (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, 2010-12-16) A. M. Adnan; Constance Rapar; Zubachtirodin; Muh. Yasin
    Buku ini menghimpun deskripsi beberapa varietas jagung, baik hibrida maupun bersari bebas yang telah dilepas di Indonesia sejak 1951 sampai 2008. Penerbitan Edisi ke enam ini merupakan pengembangan dari penerbitan perdana, kedua, ketiga, keempat, ke lima dengan penambahan beberapa varietas unggul jagung yang dilepas sampai tahun 2008. Penerbitan buku ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan informasi karakter spesifik vairetas unggul jagung yang dapat dijadikan sebagai panduan bagi pengguna untuk memilih varietas yang sesuai untuk dikembangkan. Selaini itu, juga diharapkan dapat dijadikan referensi bagi peneliti, pengkaji, mahasiswa, maupun pengguna lainnya. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang berkepentingan. Saran-saran perbaikan selalu diharapkan untuk penyempurnaan selanjutnya.
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    Deskripsi Varietas Jagung
    (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, 2010) Adnan, Andi Muhammad; Rapar, Constance; Zubactirodin
    Jagung adalah komoditas pangan ketiga dunia setelah padi dan jagung. Buku deskripsi varietas jagung hibrida ini ,merupakan varietas unggul jagung yang telah dilepas, dan diharapkan dapat memberi sumbngan bagi pengembangan jagung dalam upaya peroduksi menuju swasembada berkelanjutan.
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    Deskripsi Varietas Unggul Baru Jagung dan Sorgum
    (BPSI Tanaman Serealia, 2024) BPSI Tanaman Serealia
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    Deskripsi Varietas Unggul Baru Jagung dan Sorgum
    (Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanaman Serealia, 2024) BPSI Tanaman Serealia