Pemanfaatan Teknik Markah Molekuler Untuk Perbaikan Varietas Padi
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Date
2008-06-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Perbaikan varietas padi secara konvensional memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan. Pemanfaatan teknik markah molekuler hadir sebagai solusi strategis untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan akurasi proses pemuliaan tanaman. Artikel ini mengulas berbagai aplikasi markah molekuler, termasuk Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), pemetaan Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), serta Genomic Selection dalam perbaikan genetik tanaman padi. Penggunaan markah DNA berbasis Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) dan Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) memungkinkan seleksi presisi terhadap gen pengontrol sifat-sifat penting, seperti ketahanan terhadap biotik (hawar daun bakteri dan blas), toleransi terhadap cekaman abiotik (kekeringan dan salinitas), serta peningkatan kualitas dan hasil panen. Penerapan teknologi ini terbukti memperpendek siklus pemuliaan dan meningkatkan efisiensi seleksi genotipe unggul secara signifikan. Integrasi markah molekuler berkecepatan tinggi (high-throughput) diharapkan dapat mempercepat pelepasan varietas padi unggul baru yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim global.
Abstract
Conventional rice variety improvement often requires a lengthy breeding cycle and is strongly influenced by environmental variables. The application of molecular marker techniques offers a strategic solution to accelerate and enhance precision in plant breeding. This article reviews the various applications of molecular markers, including Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping, and Genomic Selection in rice genetic enhancement. The utilization of DNA markers such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) enables targeted selection for crucial traits, including resistance to biotic stresses (bacterial leaf blight and blast), tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought and salinity), as well as grain quality and yield improvement. Integrating these techniques significantly shortens breeding cycles and improves the efficiency of superior genotype selection. The further deployment of high-throughput molecular tools is expected to expedite the release of novel, climate-resilient rice varieties.
Description
13 p.; tab.