Prosiding Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BB Padi)

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    Efikasi Ekstrak Biji Jarak Terhadap Mortalitas Tikus Sawah
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) Herawati, Nur Aini; Sudarmaji
    Abstrak Ekstrak biji jarak telah diketahui mengandung racun yang sangat toksik dan efektif membunuh tikus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efikasi ekstrak biji jarak terhadap mortalitas tikus sawah. Tikus sawah sebagai hewan uji dikumpulkan dari Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi, Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi dan area sekitarnya dengan menggunakan TBS (Trap Barrier System) dan LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System). Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, yang terdiri atas 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan masing•masing 3 ekor tikus jantan dan 3 ekor tikus betina. Metode one-way single dose digunakan untuk mencekok masing- masing individu perlakuan dengan 5 dosis yang berbeda: 2,0 ml; 1,6 rnl: 1,2 ml; 0,8 rnl; dan 0,4 ml ekstrak biji jarak/100 g berat badan per hari. Perlakuan dilakukan setiap hari selama 5 hari berturut-turut. Sedangkan hewan uji kelompok kontrol dicekok dengan metode yang sama menggunakan 2,0 ml aguabides 100 g berat badan per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji jarak, efektif membunuh tikus sawah 100% pada kisaran dosis 1,5-2,0 ml/100 g berat badan. Abstract The Efficacy of Castor Extract to the Rice Field Rat Mortality. Castor (Ricinus communis) extract has been known as strong poison, which is effective for killing rats. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of castor extract to the rice field rat (Rattus argentiventer) mortality. Rat samples were collected from ICRR field station and ad-jacent areas by using TBS (Trap Barrier System) and LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System). Randomised Block Design was used to divide the rats into five treatment groups encompassing six replications, three males and three females each. One-way single dose technique was employed to treat the animals with five different doses: 2.0 ml; 1.6 ml; 1.2 ml; 0.8; and 0.4 ml castor extract/100 g body weight (BW)/day). Daily treatment was presented for five consecutive days. Meanwhile the animals in control group were singly orally dosed with 2.0 ml aqua bides/100 g BW/day The results indicated that castor extract was effectively killed the rice field rats with the dose ranged between 1.6-2.0 ml/100 g BW/day.
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    Perkembangan Populasi Tikus Sawah (Rattus Argentiventer) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Tanaman Padi
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) Sudarmaji; Anggara, Agus Wahyana
    Abstract Population Growth of the Rice Field Rats (Rattus argentiventer) and Its Damage Level on the Rice Crop. The research was aimed to determine the effect of fallow period and rice cultivation on the rice field rat's (Rattus argentiventer) population growth and its damage on rice crops. The research was conducted at the experimental farm of the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research at Sukarnandi, Subang, West Java. Enclosure was established as a rice field block surrounded by "zinc fence" of 90 cm high and 400 m length. The enclosure was divided equally into four blocks of 2,500 m2 each. The treatments were rice crop transplanted once a year (rice-fallow) and that transplanted twice a year (rice-rice) with two replications. Six pairs of adult rats were released in every single treatment plot as initial population if rat. Monitoring of the population was conducted every month using linear trap barrier (LTBS) method. At the end of the experiment, fumigation was conducted in each plot to retrieve all animals for estimating the final rat population. The results indicated that the availability of rice as rat's food is the main factor influencing the increase of the rice field rat population. In the plots, without rice plants control, no rice field rats were observed, meaning that there was no population development of the rats. The level of rat's population was closely related to the intensity of rat damage to rice plants. The intensity of rat dam- age significantly increased during the booting stage of the rice crop. From six couples of rats and its generation led to a 37% of rice damage which was equivalent to the yield loss of 3 t/ha. Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh periode bera dan periode pertanaman padi terhadap perkembangan populasi tikus sawah (Rattus argentivenler) dan tingkat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan pada pertanaman padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan BB Padi Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat. Untuk itu dibangun enclo- sure yang merupakan lahan sawah dengan pagar seng tinggi 90 cm dan pagar seng keliling 400 m. Lahan yang dikelilingi pagar seng tersebut (enclosure) terbagi menjadi empat petak, yang masing- masing berukuran 2.500 mz. Perlakuan adalah pertanaman padi satu kali dalam satu tahun (padi-bera) dan pertanaman padi dua kali (padi- padi) dalam satu tahun dengan dua ulangan. Ke dalam setiap petak perlakuan dilepaskan 6 pasang tikus sawah dewasa sebagai perlakuan populasi awal. Pengamatan populasi dilakukan tiap bulan dengan metode linear trap barrier system (LTBS). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung sarang aktif dan kerusakan tanaman. pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pengamatan populasi semua individu tikus sawah dari tiap petak perlakuan dengan metode empos•gali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor utama penyebab peningkatan populasi tikus sawah adalah tersedianya pakan padi. Pada petak perlakuan tanpa pakan tanaman padi, tikus sawah tidak berkernbang biak. Tingkat populasi tikus berhubungan erat dengan intensitas kerusakan tanaman padi. Intensitas kerusakan nyata lebih tinggi terjadi pada periode padi bunting. Enam pasang tikus sawah dan keturunannya selama satu musim tanam padi menyebabkan kerusakan padi sebesar 37% atau setara kehilangan hasil 3 t/ha.
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    Ragam Pakan Alami Tikus Sawah (Rattus Argentiventer) Pada Agroekosistem Sawah Irigasi
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) Anggara, Agus Wahyana
    Abstrak Tikus sawah mampu memanfaatkan berbagai sumber pakan di lingkungannya untuk bertahan hidup. Untuk pengendalian perlu mengetahui jenis, variasi, dan komposisi pakan alarninya. Penelitian pakan alami dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut, tikus ditangkap dengan TBS (Trap Barrier System), LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System) dan fumigasi di persawahan BB Padi pada saat bera dan selama pertanaman. Atribut biologi tikus dicatat dan dilakukan identifikasi material pakan alami dalam Iambungnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material pakan dalam Iambung tikus sawah berupa endosperm padi, serpihan rumput.rumputan (epidermis, helaian daun, serpihan batang, dan beragam serat), buah dan biji non-padi, bagian tanaman dikotil (epidermis, serpihan daun, batang, dan akar), arthropoda (serpihan eksoskeleton, tungkai, antena, sayap dan exuvie), serta materi lain (rambut, cacing, dan materi tidak teridentifikasi). Endosperm dan bagian pangkal batang padi merupakan porsi terbesar pada 109 tikus sampel (55 jantan dan 54 betina). Pada bera pratanam hingga pesemaian, komposisi pakan berupa rumput-rumputan (45%), endosperm padi (31, dan kategori pakan yang lain dalam kisaran 4-1096. Ketika padi stadia vegetatif, komposisi beragam kategori pakan relatif setara dalarn kisaran pada stadia padi generatif, komposisi pakan alami tjkus berupa endosperm padi (26%), materi lain (25%), bagian tanaman dikotil (18%), rumput-rumputan (12%), arthropoda (12%), dan biji/ buah non-padi (7%). Komposisi pakan pada saat bera pascapanen hingga munculnya ratun relatif sama dengan stadia generatif padi. Abstract Natural Diets Composition of Rice-Field Rat in Irrigated Lowland Agroecosystem. Rice-field rat is able to use the kind of food sources for their survival Research was conducted to study the natural diets consumed by rice-field rat in different rice stages and fallow season. Rat captured using TBS (trap barrier system), LTBS (linear trap barrier system) and fumigation methods from Indonesian Centre for Rice Research field station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java during rice planting and fallow season. The rat biological attributes were recorded and continued by identification of diet materials using stomach content analysis. The results showed that the natural diet found in rice- field rat stomach categorized as rice endosperm, grass (epidermis, leaf, stem parts and plant fiber), fruits and non-rice grains (pericarp and endosperm), dicotyledon plants (epidermis, root, leaf and stem part), arthropods (exoskeleton, legs, antenna, wings, mouth parts) and rest materials (uncommon food as hairs, worm, muscle or unidentified materials). Rice endosperrn was dominant as stomach con- tent (76.95%) from 109 rats (55 males and 54 females). During fallow to nursery, composition of rat stomach content was grass (45%), rice endosperm (31%), and other materials (4-10%). During vegetative rice stage, all food categories consumed in similar portion (17-25%). During generative rice stage, the composition as follows: rice endosperm (26%), rest materials (25%), dicotyledon plants (18%), grass (12%), arthropods (12%), and fruit and non-rice-grains (7%). After harvest period up to apparent of ratoon, the composition of diets relatively similar with those found during generative rice stage.
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    Serangan Hama Tikus di Provinsi Bali dan Upaya Pengendaliannya
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) I.B.K. Suastika
    Abstrak Tikus sawah mampu memanfaatkan berbagai sumber pakan di lingkungannya untuk bertahan hidup. Untuk pengendalian perlu mengetahui jenis, variasi, dan komposisi pakan alarninya. Penelitian pakan alami dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut, tikus ditangkap dengan TBS (Trap Barrier System), LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System) dan fumigasi di persawahan BB Padi pada saat bera dan selama pertanaman. Atribut biologi tikus dicatat dan dilakukan identifikasi material pakan alami dalam Iambungnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material pakan dalam Iambung tikus sawah berupa endosperm padi, serpihan rumput.rumputan (epidermis, helaian daun, serpihan batang, dan beragam serat), buah dan biji non-padi, bagian tanaman dikotil (epidermis, serpihan daun, batang, dan akar), arthropoda (serpihan eksoskeleton, tungkai, antena, sayap dan exuvie), serta materi lain (rambut, cacing, dan materi tidak teridentifikasi). Endosperm dan bagian pangkal batang padi merupakan porsi terbesar pada 109 tikus sampel (55 jantan dan 54 betina). Pada bera pratanam hingga pesemaian, komposisi pakan berupa rumput-rumputan (45%), endosperm padi (31, dan kategori pakan yang lain dalam kisaran 4-1096. Ketika padi stadia vegetatif, komposisi beragam kategori pakan relatif setara dalarn kisaran pada stadia padi generatif, komposisi pakan alami tjkus berupa endosperm padi (26%), materi lain (25%), bagian tanaman dikotil (18%), rumput-rumputan (12%), arthropoda (12%), dan biji/buah non-padi (7%). Komposisi pakan pada saat bera pascapanen hingga munculnya ratun relatif sama dengan stadia generatif padi. Abstract Natural Diets Composition of Rice-Field Rat in Irrigated Lowland Agroecosystem. Rice-field rat is able to use the kind of food sources for their survival Research was conducted to study the natural diets consumed by rice-field rat in different rice stages and fallow season. Rat captured using TBS (trap barrier system), LTBS (linear trap barrier system) and fumigation methods from Indonesian Centre for Rice Research field station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java during rice planting and fallow season. The rat biological attributes were recorded and continued by identification of diet materials using stomach content analysis. The results showed that the natural diet found in rice- field rat stomach categorized as rice endosperm, grass (epidermis, leaf, stem parts and plant fiber), fruits and non-rice grains (pericarp and endosperm), dicotyledon plants (epidermis, root, leaf and stem part), arthropods (exoskeleton, legs, antenna, wings, mouth parts) and rest materials (uncommon food as hairs, worm, muscle or unidentified materials). Rice endosperrn was dominant as stomach con- tent (76.95%) from 109 rats (55 males and 54 females). During fallow to nursery, composition of rat stomach content was grass (45%), rice endosperm (31%), and other materials (4-10%). During vegetative rice stage, all food categories consumed in similar portion (17-25%). During generative rice stage, the composition as follows: rice endosperm (26%), rest materials (25%), dicotyledon plants (18%), grass (12%), arthropods (12%), and fruit and non-rice-grains (7%). After harvest period up to apparent of ratoon, the composition of diets relatively similar with those found during generative rice stage.
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    Serangan Hama Tikus di Provinsi Bali dan Upaya Pengendaliannya
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) I.B.K. Suastika
    Abstrak Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiuenter) merupakan hama utama padi penyebab kerugian terbesar dan berpotensi mengancam stabilitas produksi padi setiap tahun. Pada tahun 2007 dan awal tahun 2008, di Bali, hama tikus sawah kembali menjadi masalah dengan menyerang dan merusak tanaman padi. Luas serangannya mencapai I. 150, 75 ha dengan intensitas serangan bervariasi dari ringan sampai puso. Serangan hama tikus terluas terjadi di Kabupaten Tabanan dengan luas serangan 409 ha kategori serangan ringan 348 ha, sedang 9 ha, berat 37 ha, dan puso 15 ha Total kehilangan hasil dari serangan hama tikus mencapai 14.95-ton atau setara dengan Rp. 29.900.000 dengan harga GKG Rp. 2.000/kg, cukup untuk memberi makan sekitar 747,5 Orang di Bali selama 12 bulan, Usaha pengendalian yang dilakukan Oleh petani terbatas pada kegiatan sanitasi lingkungan dan penggunaan pestisida (rodentisida), Hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pengendalian tikus di lapangan antara lain disebabkan kurang berfungsinya kelompok tani sehingga pengendalian tikus dilakukan secara sendiri-sendiri, monitoring lemah, dan terlambat dalam pengendalian, kegiatan pengendalian tidak berkesinambungan, pemahaman terhadap tikus yang lernah, dan kurang informasi :.eknologi. Abstract Rice Field Rat Attack and the Control Action to Handle Rat Problem in Bali. Rice field rat, Rattus argentiuenter, is the main pest of rice which causes the biggest loss of rice production every year. Damage of rice caused by rats was reported in 2007 and early 2008, which attack rice field about 1,151 ha with the intensity from low to heavy which resulting loss of rice harvest. The highest infestation was at Tabanan District with total damage area of 409 ha consisted of: low infestation 348 ha, medium 9 ha, heavy 37 ha and loss of harvest 15 ha. Total production loss of rice in Bali was noted about 14.95 ton or equal to with rice paddy price was predicted as Rp. 2,000/kg, enough to feed 747.5 people in Bali for 12 months. Farmer technologies to overcome this problem was still limited, done only through sanitation and the use of chemical, The main constraints of handling rat problem at the field was due to the less function of the farmer group, as a result, handling was done individually, lack of monitoring, late of control action, un continuous handling, weak of rat understanding, and lack technology information.