Pembentukan Embrio Somatik Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) untuk Mendukung Penyediaan Bibit Bermutu
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Date
2021-09-15
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KOMISI NASIONAL SUMBER DAYA GENETIK
Abstract
National garlic production in Indonesia is very low, so to meet domestic consumption, it is overcome through imports. Efforts to be self-sufficient in garlic certainly require large quantities of seeds, while conventional propagation of garlic seeds using cloves is relatively limited. In this case the tissue culture technique through the somatic embryogenesis method is an alternative that needs to be considered. This technique in addition to mass-producing seeds and uniform size, is also free of pests and diseases. This study aims to obtain an embryosomatic formation protocol, as a candidate for plantlets to support the propagation of quality seeds. The activity includes 3 stages, namely 1) Provision of root explant material, 2) Callus induction from root explants and 3) Embryosomatic formation. In vitro garlic clove roots were grown on MS medium in combination with 2,4 D 3 mg/l with or without CH3. Callus induced from roots were grown on MS media combined with growth regulators BAP (0, 1,2,3 to 4 mg/l) plus NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) with the aim of forming embryosomatic. Cultures were incubated in dark and light conditions 16 hours a day for 2 weeks. The light intensity is given 800-1000 lux with a temperature of 25oC. The parameters observed were the time of callus formation, weight and morphology as well as the formation of somatic embryos. The results showed that the Embryosomatic Formation through callus induced from garlic clove roots had been successfully carried out. The best medium to induce callus was MS added with 2,4D 0.3 mg/l plus hydrolysic acid. Meanwhile, embryosomatic formation can be achieved by using MS media plus BAP 2 mg/l + NAA 0.1 mg/l.
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Seed propagation, somatic embryogenesis