Verifikasi Ketahanan Varietas Unggul Padi Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
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Date
2018-12-01
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Salah satu komponen pengendalian dari penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) adalah varietas tahan. Namun varietas dapat patah ketahanannya karena patogen HDB memiliki banyak kelompok patotipe dan mampu membentuk patotipe yang lebih virulen.Tujuan penelitian untuk verifikasi ketahanan varietas unggul padi terhadap penyakit HDB. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Screen Field Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Sukamandi Subang pada musim kemarau (MK) 2016 dan musim hujan (MH) 2016/2017. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga patotipe Xoo dominan di Indonesia, yaitu: patotipe III, patotipe IV, dan patotipe VIII. Anak petak adalah 14 varietas tahan HDB, yaitu: Inpari 1, Inpari 6, Inpari 11, Inpari 17, Inpari 25, Inpari 32, Inpari HDB, Angke, Conde, Java 14, Ciherang, IR64, Chandra (Hibrida), dan Hipa Jatim 2. Evaluasi ketahanan varietas tahan terhadap HDB di lapangan pada MK 2016 dan MH 2016/2017 diperoleh tingkat ketahanan varietas mulai dari tahan hingga agak rentan. Hasil pengujian 14 varietas padi terhadap tiga patotipe Xoo dominan diperoleh varietas Java 14 dan Inpari 32 yang konsisten bereaksi tahan selama musim kemarau 2016 dan musim hujan 2016/2017. Empat belas varietas padi tahan HDB berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas penyakit padi diantaranya busuk batang, hawar daun jingga, bercak daun sempit pada dua musim tanam kecuali hawar pelepah. Intensitas penyakit padi tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap hasil padi. Bobot gabah kering panen (BGKP) tertinggi pada MK 2016 dijumpai pada varietas Inpari 32. Pada MH 2016/2017, BGKP tertinggi pada 14 varietas uji adalah Inpari 1. Pada kedua musim dijumpai varietas dengan BGKP terendah yaitu Java 14.
Abstract
One of the control components of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease is resistant varieties. However, the resistance of varieties can be fracture because the pathogen of BLB have many pathotype groups which capable to forming more virulent pathotypes. The research purposes were to verify the resistance of improved rice varieties to BLB disease. The research was conducted at Screen Field of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi Subang in the dry season (DS) of 2016 and wet season (WS) of 2016/2017. The research was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were the three dominant Xoo pathotypes in Indonesia, namely: pathotype III, pathotype IV, and pathotype VIII. The sub-plots were 14 BLB resistant varieties, namely: Inpari 1, Inpari 6, Inpari 11, Inpari 17, Inpari 25, Inpari 32, Inpari HDB, Angke, Conde, Java 14, Ciherang, IR64, Chandra (Hybrid), and Hipa Jatim 2. Resistance evaluation of resistant varieties to BLB in the field at DS 2016 and WS 2016/2017 obtained resistance level of varieties ranging from resistant to moderately susceptible. The test results of 14 rice varieties on three dominant of Xoo pathotypes obtained the varieties of Java 14 and Inpari 32 which consistently reacted resistant during the dry season of 2016 and rainy season of 2016/2017. Fourteen resistant rice varieties to BLB significantly affected the intensity of rice disease such as stem rot, red stripe, narrow brown leaf spot on two growing seasons except sheath blight. The intensity of rice disease has no direct effect on rice yields. The highest of weight of dry grain harvest (WDGH) in DS 2016 was found in Inpari 32 varieties. At WS 2016/2017, the highest of WDGH on 14 test varieties were Inpari 1. In both seasons found varieties with the lowest WDGH that is Java 14.
Description
18 p.; tab.