Maize for Food, Feed and Fuel in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunity
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Date
2013
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian
Abstract
Maize is an important staple food in many countries
and the productionof maize in the world have been
increasing steadily. Maize has a wide variety of usages,
ranging from food and feed to industrial products, and
more recently, as an alternate fuel. The areaplanted with
maize is continuously increasing over the years. During
2009-2010 global maize production was 817 million tons,and
in2011-2012, global maize production reached its high of
873 million tones.The variations in productivity are due to
many factors, including weather pattern during the crop
growth, pests and diseases, technological practices
andimproved hybridvarieties planted by growers.
The global supply and demand of maize is influenced
mainly by the US, which has the largest harvested area
and the highest grain production. China, Brazil, Mexico,
Indiaand Indonesiacontribute significantly to the world
harvested area. These six countries contributemore
than70% of theworld corn production. The global maize
demands are influenced by the major usage patternsin the
US, namely for edible oil, feed, and for ethanol production.
Biofuels derived from maize grain had gainedinterest
worldwide, due to the concern over unrenewable fossil
source energy. Ethanol accounted for over 6% share in the
USenergy consumption in 2000-2001 and rose to over 40%
in 2011-2012. On the other hand, the share for feed was
declining. The diversion of maize usage from food and
feed to ethanol production would then pushed price higher.