Kajian Keanekaragaman Morfologi, Komposisi Proksimat, Karotenoid, dan Saponin Tiga Aksesi Ubi Jalar di Indonesia
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Date
2021-09-15
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KOMISI NASIONAL SUMBER DAYA GENETIK
Abstract
Morphological properties, proximal compositions, total carotenoids and triterpenoids saponins of three accessions of Indonesian sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L) were investigated. Morphological characteristics such as type and colour of stem, shape of tuber, skin and colour of flesh have been determined. The proximate composition, dry matter, carbohydrates, ashes, crude fibres, fats, reducing sugars, proteins, starch content and starch swelling ability were determined using the AOAC method. The total carotenoid content was analyzed by spectrophotometry, whereas the triterpenoid saponin content was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. These accessions had various flesh colors: e.g. IB. 01273 is light yellow, IB. 00704 is white, and IB. 00386 beige. Stem type and leaf colour are uniform, while tuber shape and skin colour are more diverse. The dry matter content ranged from 40.16 to 44.85 %, carbohydrates 36.53 to 39.9 %, ashes 0.82 to 1.66 %, crude fibres 2.46 to 4.64 %, fats 0.082 to 0, 48 %, reducing sugars 4.08 to 4.98 %, proteins 2.76 to 3.43 %, starch 17, 32% to 24.63%, and starch swelling capacity from 30.77% to 52.69%. In this study, starch from accession IB. 00704 has the highest swelling capacity, which has shown its suitability for use in the bakery and pasta industry. Whereas accession IB 01273 had the highest levels of carotenoid and total saponin. Secondary metabolites are linked to the properties of plant resistance to stressful conditions. Furthermore, secondary metabolites have a variety of bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. The highest protein level was obtained at accession IB. 00308. Protein content reflects tuber structural proteins (sporamin) and enzymes (amylase). The genotype of each accession is unique and distinctive. Exploration and characterization of local accessions of Indonesian sweet potato can preserve genetic resources and support food security programmes.
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Carotenoid, morphology, proximate, saponin, sweet potatoes