Respon Genotipe Padi Indonesia terhadap Efisiensi Regenerasi dan Transformasi Genetik melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Date
2021-09-15
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KOMISI NASIONAL SUMBER DAYA GENETIK
Abstract
Biotechnology-based rice breeding, especially genetic engineering, can support the assembly program or improvement of high-yielding varieties. However, controlling the plant regeneration and transformation system is an essential step in the rice genetic engineering process. In addition, the genetic background of rice for genetic engineering also plays a vital role in the efficiency of plant regeneration and transformation. Previous research has shown that Nitrite reductase (NiR) and Glucose dehygrogenase (Gluc) genes affect plant regeneration ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of Indonesian rice genotypes to genetic transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens and to determine the expression profile of NiR and Gluc genes. The research material used several genotypes of Indonesian rice, namely Fatmawati, Inpari-6, Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, Sarinah, Mekongga, Inpari-32 and Nipponbare varieties as controls. The method used is transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens using immature embryos as explants. The results showed that the Nipponbare model rice variety had a transformation efficiency of 53.1%. Among the tested genotypes, Fatmawati and Situ Patenggang were the most efficiently transformed genotypes with an efficiency of 19.5%. At the same time, the genotype of rice that has the lowest transformation efficiency is Inpari-32 at 0.8%. The NiR gene expression profile in the tested rice genotypes showed the same expression level between genotypes, except that in Nipponbare there was an amplicon associated with a high regeneration response. Meanwhile, the Gluc gene expression profile showed different expression levels between genotypes, but it was not related to its regeneration ability. This information is helpful as a reference and consideration in determining the genotype to be used for rice genetic engineering research in Indonesia.
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Keywords
Agrobacterium, transformation efficiency, genetic engineering, Indonesian genotype rice, gene expression