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- ItemApplication of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes to Promote the Effectiveness of Rock Phosphate on Cacao Seedling Growth in Acid Soil(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Sasmita ...[at al], Kurnia Dewi; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik PertanianAbstract. The effectiveness of rock phosphates (RP) on plant growth is often lower than that of chemically synthesized fertilizer SP-36. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) are potentially used to enhance RP dissolution and agronomic effectiveness for cacao plant. This study was carried out to assess the ability of several PSM to dissolve insoluble phosphate, produce phytohormones, and increase the effectiveness of RP in cacao seedling at acid soil. Five phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and one phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) were evaluated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in liquid medium (added Ca3[PO4]2, RP, and AlPO4) and to produce phytohormones. Six isolates were also evaluated in cacao nursery consisting of nine treatments (without P fertilizer; SP-36 fertilizer; only RP; RP with inoculation of five PSB and one PSF, respectively). The result showed that the highest P solubilization in liquid medium with Ca3(PO4)2, RP, and AlPO4 was obtained by Aspergillus niger F-E1, Burkholderia ambifaria B-SS1.2, and Pseudomonas fluorescens B-SS13.5, respectively. All isolates could produce the IAA, GA3, trans-zeatin, and kinetin. Whereas B. ambifaria B-SS1.2, B. cepacia B-SS19.7, and A. niger F-E1 increased shoot dry weight and relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of RP. Notably, the B. ambifaria B-SS1.2 increased N, P, and K uptake in shoot of cacao seedlings. The utilization of these microbes potentially promote the effectiveness of RP for cacao plant growth in acid soil.
- ItemThe Potential Use of Zeolite and Exopolysaccharide Bacteria for Reduction of Degradation and Carbon Emission on Oil Palm Plantation in Tropical Peatland(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Santi ...[at al], Laksmita P.; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik PertanianAbstract. Zeolites are aluminosilicates widely used as ameliorant in oil palm plantation especially on peatland. The zeolite mineral is known to have an excellent molecular sieve property which enables it to hold organic carbon compounds, CO2, and water leading to its potential use for carbon sequestration. Moreover, bioactivated zeolite with bacterium producing exopolysaccharides could promote the formation of peat molecular structure and their configurations that related to water and nutrient supply for plant. The objective of this study is to characterize natural zeolite clinoptilolite type from Bayah, Banten as exopolysaccharide bacterial carrier for peat ameliorant and reduction of carbon emission. The physical-chemical characteristics of 60–80, 80–100, and 100–150 particles mesh of zeolite were determined using standard analytical procedures. Furthermore, separation capability of a zeolites sample for carbon dioxide (CO2), NH3, and N2 was measured by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was used in order to estimate the specific surface area of zeolite while the relative crystallinity of the samples was estimated by comparing their X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The morphology of the samples was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Total exopolysaccharide bacteria in the matrix of zeolite were counted using total plate count in ATCC 14 media. The results indicated that 100–150 particle mesh of natural clinoptilolite Bayah zeolite has excellent properties of porous structure which contribute to carbon and N2 adsorption, water retention, and bacterial carrier.
- ItemPhysicochemical Characteristics of Yoghurt from Various Beans and Cereals(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Herawati ...[at al], Heny; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik PertanianAbstract. Indonesia has abundant beans and cereals as potential raw materials for yoghurt production. However, for commercialization, it should be characterized, such as physicochemical analysis. So far, yoghurt is processed from fresh milk as raw material. The purpose of this research was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of yoghurt produced from various beans and cereals. The research was conducted using 2 microbial starters of yoghurt and 2 starters of lactic acid bacteria with raw materials, such as soybean, mung bean, sorghum, and hanjeli. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two replications. The results showed that the difference in raw materials affects the proximate characteristics of the yoghurt produced. Soybean yoghurt showed the highest viscosity and total dissolved solids of 1842.05 cP and 16.10°Brix, respectively. Hanjeli flour yoghurt had the highest pH value at 4.80, while mung bean yoghurt had the lowest pH at 3.90.
- ItemMorphological Characters and Efficacy of Thirteen Entomopathogenic Fungi of Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber Isolates on Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Prayogo ...[at al], Yusmani; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik PertanianAbstract. In the intercropping system between of soybean and citrus plant was known as a triggers of the explosion of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) population. These two types of insect pests are in the same order and family which known as an important as vectors for various types of viruses. This study was aimed to identify the morphological characters and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi that infect B. tabaci and D. citri. Insect cadavers colonized by fungal mycelium were taken from three centers of soybean production in East Java Province (Banyuwangi, Jember, and Pasuruan Regencies). Each insect cadaver from the field was sterilized using 0.5% chlorox solution and then incubated in potato dextrose agar medium. The growing colonies were identified based on morphological characters and then tested by Koch's postulates against B. tabaci. The results of the identification showed that there were Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber fungi obtained with white colony color which then turned into light brown. The size of conidiophores was 39–40 × 2.1–2.3 μm, conidia 10–11 × 2.0 μm, optimum temperature 27–30C, toxic to egg, nymph, and imago, especially isolates from Banyuwangi Regency with mortality reaching 89% within 3–4 days after application. The finding of A. aleyrodis fungal isolates is a new innovation in biological control because both B. tabaci and D. citri are tolerant to synthetic pesticides due to biotype changes.
- ItemIsolation and Pathogenicity Test of Fusarium Basal Rot and Purple Blotch Fungal Pathogens from Shallot and Allium spp.(Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Chaerani ... [at al], Chaerani; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik PertanianAbstract. Fusarium basal rot and purple blotch are dominant fungal diseases of Allium spp. As a part of mutation breeding project to develop resistant shallot varieties to the fungal agents, this study was aimed to isolate and test the pathogenicity of the isolated fungi. Fungal isolation was performed by means of standard tissue isolation technique from diseased samples collected from six shallot and scallion fields in West Java. Three isolates of Fusarium and four isolates of Alternaria porri were obtained from the respective disease symptom. Additionally, Stemphylium sp. was recovered from leaf blight symptom and A. alternata from both diseased leaf symptoms. Koch’s Postulate was accomplished by pathogenicity tests and reisolation of the fungi. A modified onion bulb assay resulted in mild to extensive rot of bulbs inoculated with Fusarium agar plugs. Pot assay confirmed the aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates to shallot varieties. Allium spp. plants developed purple blotch after sprayed with A. porri spores, and leaf blight after sprayed with Stemphylium sp. or A. alternata spores. Except for A. alternata, all pathogens were successfully reisolated from the foliage disease symptoms, confirming their causative agents of the respective disease. For future genetic studies and species confirmation by means of DNA sequencing, single spore isolation of the pathogens should be attempted.