Peningkatan Efisiensi Pemupukann Dengan Formulasi Pupuk-N Lambat Urai
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Date
2010-11-18
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstract
Increasing the Nitrogen Use Efficiency with Slow Released N Fertilizer Formulation. Efforts in improving nitrogen efficiency could be carried out through the use of split application strategy. leaf colour chart, and slow released N fertilizers, such as urea briquette or urea tablet, sulphur-coated urea (SCU), polymer coated urea, and neem-coated urea. An addition of humic acid and zeolite was frequently undertaken recently. Zeolite can adsorbs a considerable amount of NH, NO, and release it back into the soil solution, resulted in a slow released N fertilizer. The application of slow released N fertilizers is expected to decrease the lowers of N fertilizers, and improve the N efficiency. An experiment aimed at examining slow reicased N fertilizers in lowland rice has been done at the Sukamandi Experimental Station of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research during the dry season of 2007. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Two slow released N fertilizer tested were SRF-Dan two slow released N-fertilizers SRF-D and SRF-H contain 23% N D and SRI-H. There zeolite and 34% N zeolite, with the urea zeolite proportion as 1 1 and 3: 1, for SRJ-D and SRP-H, respectively. Treatments were (A) control (B), (C), and (D) were 150, 225, and 300 kg urea/ha (in 3 splits): (E) (F), and (G) were 150, 225, and 300 kg urea/ha (in 2 splits) (H) (1), and (1) were 300, 400, and 600 kg SRF (K). (L), and (M) were 203, 306, and 406 kg SRF-H/ha. Phosphate kg SRF-Diha and potassium fertilizers were applied in all treatments, at the rates of 100 kg 5736 and 100 kg KCl/ha, respectively. Results of this experiment indicated that both of the slow released N fertilizers were only effective in improving the plant growth, especially when was applied at high rates at early growth. Application of 600 kg SU-Diha was the only slow tieased N treatment that significantly incressed the rice grain yield. Urea, especially 3 splits, were more effective in increasing the by when its n it was applied in yield as compared to the slow the plant height, number of tillers, green leaf colour intensity, and as well as the yield components. Three splits application of urea yielded 5.3-6.5 t/ha, while when it was split twice it yielded 4.9-5.7 t/ha. The slow released N fertilizer, SRF-D yielded 4.5-5.5 t/ha and SRF-H 4.4-5.0 t/ha. In addition, the fertilizer N use efficiency for urea in 3 splits, urea in 2 splits, SRF-D, and SRF-H were 13-17 kg. 10-16 kg, 5-10 kg, and 1-6 kg grain/kg N, respectively.
Abstrak
Upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pupuk N dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian secara bertahap (split), penggunaan bagan warna daun (BWD), dan pupuk N lambat urai. Beberapa pupuk lambat urai yang tersedia antara lain urea briket, urea tablet, urea form (UF), sulphur coated urea (SCU), polymer-coated urea (Nutricote), dan neem-coated urea. Akhir-akhir ini penambahan zeolit dan asam humat (humic acid) sering dilakukan. Zeolit bisa menjerap sejumlah NH NO, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber hara N lambat urai. Dengan pupuk N lambat urai diharapkan kehilangan hara N bisa diperkecil dan efisiensi pupuk N dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pupuk N lambat urai pada tanaman padi sawah, telah dilakukan di KP Sukamandi pada MK 2007. Penelitian ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah dua macam pupuk N lambat urai, SRF-D (1:1) dan SRF-H (3:1). SRF-D mengandung 23% N + zeolit dan SRF-H 34% N+ zeolit. Perlakuan tersebut melipu kontrol; (B), (C), dan (D) masing-masing 150 kg, 225 kg, dan 300 kg/ha urea (3 kali pemberian, 8 HST, 21 HST. dan 42 HST); (E), (F). meliputi: (A) dan (G) masing-masing 150 kg. 225 kg, dan 300 kg/ha urea (2 kali pemberian; 8 HST dan 21 HST): (H), (1), (dan 1) masing-masing 300 kg. 450 kg, dan 600 kg/ha SRF-D (satu kali pemberian pada 3 HST); serta (K), (L.), dan (M) masing-masing 203 kg. 306 kg. dan 406 kg/ha SRF-H (satu kali pemberian pada -3 HST). Semua perlakuan diberi pupuk SP36 dan KCI masing-masing sebanyak 100 kg/ha yang diberikan sekaligus pada 7 hari setelah tanam (HST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk N lambat urai, SRF-D Jan SRF-H. hanya efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, khususnya pada takaran yang tinggi, pada tahap awal pertumbuhan (sampai 42 HST). Terhadap hasil gabah hanya SRF-D yang nyata meningkatkan hasil gabah sebesar 600 kg ha. Pemberian urea yang diberikan 3 kali, lebih efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil padi dibandingkan dengan pupuk N lambat urai, terlihat dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, intensitas warna hijau daun, dan kali hasil gabah mencapai 5,3-6,5 t dan 4,9-5,7 t/ha GKG, berturut-turut kalau diberikan 3 dan 2 kali. Pupuk lambat urai SRF-D dan SRF-H menghasilkan gabah berturut-turut sebesar 4,5-5,5 t dan 4,4-5,0 t/ha GKG dengan efisiensi pemupukan N sebesar 13-17 kg. 10-16 kg, 5-10 kg, dan 1-6 kg GKG/kg N, berturut-turut untuk urea diberikan 3 kali, urea diberikan 2 kali, pupuk lambat urai SRF-D, dan.pupuk lambat urai SRF-H.
Description
16 p.; ills.. tab.