Pengaruh Pengaturan Air Dan Ameliorasi Terhadap Produktivitas Padi di Lahan Gambut Rawa Pasang Surut
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Date
2010-11-18
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of Water and Nutrients Management on Rice Production in Tidal Peat Land. Field experiment as effort to utilize the peat land for agricultural purposes includes the water and nutrient management, to decrease the soil acidity, and to maintain the soil productivity, has been conducted on tidal peat land in Pangkoh X, Blorvbck A, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan during the WS of 2007. The treatments were arranged in a split plot design with four replications and plots of 6 m x 8 m in size. The main plots were the regulation of tertiary canal, consisted of T1 = blocked cleaned tertiary canals to conserve a 5-10 cm depth of flooding. and to the tertiary canals were blocked from December to April and unblocked from early May until the early harvest period as farmers' water management (as control). Sub plots were ameliorant and rates of fertilizers consisted of: Ao = rates of fertilizers applied by most farmers as a control; Al = (25 kg N + 30 kg P₂O, + 50 kg K,O) per ha; A2 = (50 kg N + 30 kg P.O, + 50 kg K,O) K,O) per ha; A3 (75 kg N + 30 kg P,O,+ 50 kg K,O) per ha; A per ha; A4 = 50 kg N + 60 kg P₂O, +50 kg K,O) per ha; A5 = (50 kg N +90 kg P,O, +50 kg K,O) per ha; and A6 = (50 kg N + 60 kg P,O, + 50 kg K,O + 5 t farmyard manure 1 t dolomite) per ha. Results indicated that blocked tertiary canals combined with ameliorant and fertilizer equivalent to 5 t farmyard manure + 11 dolomite +50 kg N 60 kg P,O, +50 kg K.O per hectare: (a) increased water quality as indicated by the increase of water pH and EC of the rice field, (b) increased the dried plant weight at vegetative phase, (c) increased rice yield by about 89%, (d) improved chemical properties of peat such as soil pH from 4.16 to 4.56, soil total N and available P, and decrease exchangeable of soil acidity as compared to water regulation of farmer practices.
Abstrak
Upaya pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk pertanian meliputi pengendalian air dan keharaan untuk tanaman, pengurangan secara bertahap kemasaman tanah, dan pemeliharaan produktivitas lahan. Percobaan lapangan telah dilaksanakan di lahan gambut pasang surut petani di Pangkoh X Blok A, Kecamatan Maliko, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah pada MH 2007. Perlakuan disusun menurut Rancangan Petak Terpisah dengan empat ulangan, pada petak berukuran 6,0 m x 8,0 m. Petak utama adalah pengaturan air saluran tertier terdiri atas: T1 = saluran tersier ditabat untuk menjaga agar lahan sawah tergenang dengan kedalaman 5-10 cm, dan to = saluran tertier ditabat mulai bulan Desember sampai akhir bulan April, kemudian awal Mei dibuka bebas sampai menjelang panen sesuai pengaturan air tingkat petani (kontrol). Anak petak terdiri atas takaran pupuk dan amelioran: Ao kontrol (takaran pupuk yang dipakai sebagian besar petani), A1 = (25 kg N + 30 kg PO, +50 kg K,O) per ha, A2 = (50 kg N + 30 kg P₂O, perh per ha, A3 = 75 kg N + 30 kg P,O,+ 50 kg K,O) per ha, A4 = 50 kg ,0, +50 kg K₂O) N+ 60 kg P.O, +50 kg K,O) per ha, A5 = (50 kg N + 90 kg P,O, + 50 kg K.O) per ha, A6 = (50 kg N + 60 kg P,O, + 50 kg K,O+ 51 pupuk kandang + 1 t kaptan) per ha. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa menabat saluran tersier untuk mempertahankan kedalaman air tanah dalam petak sawah antara 5-10 cm dari permukaan tanah dikombinasikan dengan pemberian amelioran dan pupuk setara 50 N + 60 PO, + 50 K₂O kg/ha dapat: (a) meningkatkan kualitas air yang ditandai dengan peningkatan pH dan DHL air pada fase vegetatif, (b) meningkatkan berat kering tanaman fase vegetatif maksimum, (c) meningkatkan hasil padi sebesar 89% dari kontrol 2,45 t menjadi 4,65 t/ha GKP, (d) memperbaiki beberapa sifat kimia tanah gambut (pH tanah meningkat dari 4.16-4.56, status hara N-total, dan P-tsd tanah, dan menurunkan kemasaman tanah tertukar (H dan Al
Description
16 p.; ills.; tab.