Upaya Percepatan Adopsi Varietas Unggul Baru Padi
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Date
2018-12-01
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Pemerintah terus berupaya meningkatkan produksi padi, untuk mempertahankan swasembada beras secara berkelanjutan dari produksi dalam negeri, tanpa impor. Target produksi padi ditingkatkan pada tahun 2015-2019 rata-rata 3% per tahun dari 73.4 juta ton menjadi 82.0 juta ton gabah kering giling. Produksi ditentukan luas areal panen dan produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas ditentukan oleh ketersediaan benih bermutu varietas unggul adaptif spesifik lingkungan dan manajemen budidaya tanaman. Peningkatan produktivitas dimungkinkan karena masih adanya senjang antara potensi hasil dan hasil aktual, di samping masih banyak varietas unggul baru yang belum diadopsi petani. Adopsi varietas unggul padi 54,05% didominasi oleh Ciherang, Mekongga, Ciliwung, Cigeulis, IR64 dan Situbagendit yang telah dikenal pasar memiliki rasa nasi yang baik dan tahan terhadap hama/penyakit tertentu, dari total areal tanam padi setahun, yang mencapai 13-14 juta ha. Balitbangtan berupaya mempercepat adopsi varietas unggul baru dengan beberapa cara: (1) memperluas skala uji adaptasi mencapai skala denfarm, yang sekaligus berfungsi sebagai tempat produksi benih; (2) revisi alur produksi dan distribusi benih melalui penugasan Menteri Pertanian: (3) pembangunan jaringan unit pengelola benih sumber dan (4) pengembangan perbenihan berbasis masyarakat dalam bentuk Model Desa Mandiri Benih, melalui pemanfaatan jaringan perbenihan antara Unit Pengelola Benih Sumber Balai Besar Padi/Balit dengan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian.
Abstract
Acceleration on adoption of New Superior Rice Variety. Government of Indonesia has continuously made effort to attain sustainable rice self-sufficiency based on domestic production without import. Rice production was planned to be increased 3% annually in the period of 2015-2019 from 73.4 billion ton to 82.0 billion ton un-polished rice. Production is function of harvested area and yield. Rice yield is depend on availability of good quality seed of specific site adapted variety, good management rice practice and suitable environments. Yield gap between yield potential and actual yield coupled with only a few new superior rice variety has been adopted made rice yield increased is still possible. Ciherang, Mekongga, Ciliwung, Cigeulis, IR64 and Situbagendit varieties dominated 54.05% of 13 to 14 billion hectare transplanted paddy field annually due to good eating quality coupled with resistance to pest. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development accelerate new superior varieties adoption by mean of (1) enlarge site specific location adaptation test size into demonstration farm’s size area and also utilized as seed production areas; (2) revised seed production and distribution scheme by implementing assignment of Ministry of Agriculture; (3) develop a network between breeder seed management unit in Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) and Indonesian Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (IAIAT) throughout Indonesia and (4) develop community seed production system in the form a model of independent seed production village by utilizing the network of breeder seed management unit in ICRR and IAIAT.
Description
12 p.; ills.; tab.