The Diversity of Morpho-Agronomic Characters and Identification of Early Maturity Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Germplasm
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Date
2022-01-19
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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian
Abstract
Abstract. The breeding of cassava superior varieties requires the collection of germplasm support that accommodates various gene sources and has a wide variety of characters. This research was conducted to analyze morpho-agronomic characters of 100 cassava accessions, to examine its relationship to tuber yield, and to identify accessions with early
maturity and high yield potential. The field experiment was carried out at the Muneng Experimental Station of ILETRI in 2019. The characters observed included 31 characters of leaves, stems, yields, and tuber yield components at 7 and 10 MAP. The results showed that most of the characters varied widely, except for petiole length, central leaf lobe length, stem diameter, distance between leaf scar, and number of marketable tuber at 7 MAP, and weight of marketable, unmarketable, and average tuber at 7 and 10 MAP. Path analysis showed that the number of total tubers per plant and the average tuber weight at 7 MAP had a large direct effect and a positive equal effect on the total. Meanwhile, the other 11 characters had less direct effect than the indirect effect through these two important characters. Tuber yield of 100 accessions harvested at 7 MAP was equivalent to 6.8–50.6 t/ha, with average of 28.8 t/ha. Meanwhile, it was between
8.0–68.4 t/ha at 10 MAP, with average of 38.1 t/ha. With K-mean cluster analysis, eight accessions were obtained having fresh tuber yield ranged of 39.6–50.6 t/ha and 46.20–67.20 t/ha at 7 and 10 MAP, respectively. The eight selected accessions were MLG 10361, MLG 10328, MLG 10292, MLG 10371, MLG 10353, MLG 10352, MLG 10360, and
MLG 10308. Accessions identified with early maturity or high yield potential need further evaluation with repeated trials and evaluation of various other advantages.
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Keywords
Breeding, cassava, agronomic