KINERJA KESEJAHTERAAN DAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KOTA PONTIANAK
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Date
2021-12-15
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Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian
Abstract
The welfare of farmers is one of the goals of agricultural development. On the other hand, there is still inequality in the
household income of farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance indicators of welfare and income
inequality of farmer households in Pontianak City. The research was conducted in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan.
The research took place from September to October 2015. The analytical methods used for farmer welfare indicators,
namely (1) household income structure (on farm, off farm, and non farm), (2) household expenditure structure, (3)
performance the level of household food security, (4) the performance of the purchasing power of the farmer's household,
and (5) the development of the farmer's exchange rate. The Gini index is used to see the inequality of farmer household
income. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling. The number of respondents 90 people consisting of
rice farmers, vegetable farmers, and cattle breeders. The results of the study show that farmers are not yet prosperous
which is characterized by several indicators of welfare, including household income, household expenditure, household
purchasing power, and farmer's exchange rate. The income distribution of low, medium, and high income farmers is not
unequal. The overall Gini index ratio is 0.46, or is in moderate inequality. The policies needed from the Pontianak City
Agriculture Office to correct this inequality include assistance for labeled rice seeds, facilitation of the agricultural KUR
credit program, the establishment of farmer cooperatives for the provision of production facilities (fertilizer), assistance
in the application of environmentally friendly vegetable cultivation, guarantee of market prices, and good governance.
trade. For cattle breeders, assistance is needed in the manufacture of manure and biourine processing.
Description
Kesejahteraan petani merupakan salah satu tujuan pembangunan pertanian. Di sisi lain, masih terdapat ketimpangan
pendapatan rumah tangga petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja indikator kesejahteraan dan
ketimpangan pendapatan rumah tangga petani di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan
Barat. Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2015. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk
indikator kesejahteraan petani, yaitu (1) struktur pendapatan rumah tangga (on farm, off farm, dan non farm), (2) struktur
pengeluaran rumah tangga, (3) keragaan tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, (4) keragaan daya beli rumah tangga
petani, dan (5) perkembangan nilai tukar petani. Untuk melihat ketimpangan pendapatan rumah tangga petani digunakan
indeks gini. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling. Jumlah responden 90 orang yang
terdiri atas petani padi, petani sayuran, dan peternak sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani belum sejahtera yang
dicirikan oleh beberapa indikator kesejahteraan, antara lain pendapatan rumah tangga, pengeluaran rumah tangga, daya
beli rumah tangga, dan nilai tukar petani. Distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga petani berpenghasilan rendah, sedang, dan
tinggi tidak timpang. Rasio indeks gini secara keseluruhan 0,46, atau berada pada ketimpangan sedang. Kebijakan yang
diperlukan dari Dinas Pertanian Kota Pontianak untuk memperbaiki ketimpangan tersebut antara lain bantuan benih padi
berlabel, fasilitasi program kredit KUR pertanian, pembentukan koperasi tani untuk penyediaan sarana produksi (pupuk),
pedampingan penerapan budi daya sayuran ramah lingkungan, jaminan harga pasar, dan tata niaga. Bagi peternak sapi
diperlukan pedampingan pembuatan pupuk kandang dan pengolahan biourine.