Morfologi dan Fisiologi Tanaman Padi

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dc.contributor.authorMakarim, A. Karim
dc.contributor.authorE. Suhartatik
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-11T00:59:05Z
dc.date.available2026-08-11T00:59:05Z
dc.date.issued2008-06-01
dc.description36 p.; ills.; tab.
dc.description.abstractAbstrak Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas pangan utama yang memiliki peran strategis dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan global, khususnya di Indonesia. Pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai struktur morfologi dan mekanisme fisiologi tanaman padi sangat krusial untuk mengoptimalkan teknik budi daya, meningkatkan efisiensi hasil panen, serta mendukung pemuliaan varietas unggul yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim. Secara morfologi, tanaman padi terdiri atas organ vegetatif (sistem akar serabut, batang berbuku, dan daun) serta organ generatif (bunga, malai, dan gabah). Morfologi daun dan arsitektur kanopi menentukan kapasitas penangkapan radiasi matahari, sementara struktur perakaran menentukan ketahanan terhadap ketersediaan air dan penyerapan hara. Secara fisiologis, proses fotosintesis, respirasi, transpirasi, dan translokasi fotosintat mengontrol akumulasi biomassa serta pengisian bulir. Fase perkembangan tanaman terbagi menjadi tiga tahapan utama: vegetatif, reproduktif, dan pematangan, yang mana efisiensi fisiologis pada tiap fase sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, intensitas cahaya, ketersediaan air, dan hara. Ulasan ini menyajikan sintesis mengenai karakteristik morfologi dan fisiologi tanaman padi sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan tanaman secara berkelanjutan Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary staple food crop that plays a strategic role in global food security, particularly in Indonesia. A comprehensive understanding of the morphological structure and physiological mechanisms of rice plants is crucial for optimizing cultivation practices, enhancing yield efficiency, and supporting the breeding of resilient crop varieties adapted to climate change. Morphologically, the rice plant consists of vegetative organs (fibrous root system, jointed culms, and leaves) and generative organs (flowers, panicles, and grains). Leaf morphology and canopy architecture dictate light interception capacity, whereas root system characteristics determine water uptake resilience and nutrient absorption. Physiologically, processes including photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and assimilate translocation regulate biomass accumulation and grain filling. The plant's developmental cycle is divided into three main stages: vegetative, reproductive, and ripening, with physiological performance in each phase strongly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, solar radiation, water availability, and nutrient supply. This review synthesizes the key morphological and physiological traits of rice plants to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for sustainable crop management.
dc.identifier.isbn978-979-799-442-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/30930
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherBalai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
dc.titleMorfologi dan Fisiologi Tanaman Padi
dc.title.alternativePadi: Inovasi Teknologi dan Ketahanan Pangan. Buku 1
dc.typeArticle
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