Evaluasi Mutu Fisiologis, Kesehatan Benih, dan Kemurnian Varietas Dari Benih Komunal
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Date
2018-12-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari mutu benih, kesehatan benih, dan kemurnian varietas dari benih yang dihasilkan oleh sektor perbenihan komunal (tidak bersertifikat) telah dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi pada tahun 2015. Penelitian diawali dengan survei ke petani yang menggunakan benih produksi sendiri untuk mendapatkan informasi pengelolaan benih padi sawah di tingkat petani, dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi mutu benih, kesehatan benih, serta kemurnian varietas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 25% sampel benih dari petani mempunyai daya berkecambah dan vigor yang rendah, 75% sampel benih menunjukkan kadar air benih terlalu tinggi (>13%). Sampel benih dari petani terinfeksi 4 jenis cendawan dan bakteri, dengan persentase benih terinfeksi yang sangat beragam. Persentase benih terinfeksi yang tertinggi disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium sp, kemudian diikuti oleh cendawan Aspergilus sp dan bakteri. Persentase campuran varietas lain dari benih produksi petani sangat tinggi berpotensi pertanaman yang tidak seragam. Untuk meningkatkan mutu benih, kesehatan benih dan mengurangi campuran varietas lain, petani perlu melakukan perbaikan dalam produksi dengan pelaksanaan seleksi di pertanaman, serta perbaikan dalam prosesing dan penyimpanan benih.
Abstract
A study to evaluate the quality of seeds, seed health, and purity of varieties from seeds produced by the communal seed sector (non-certified seeds) had been carried out at The Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2015. The research began with a survey of farmers who use their own seed production to obtain information on rice paddy management at farmer level, followed by evaluation of seed quality, seed health, and purity of varieties. The results showed that 25% of seed samples from farmers had low germination and low vigor, 75% of seed samples had high water content of the seeds (> 13%). Seed samples from farmers were infected with 4 types of fungi and bacteria, with various percentages of infected seeds. The highest percentage of infection was caused by Fusarium SP, followed by Aspergillus sp. and bacteria. The percentage of other varieties from farmers’ seed productions were very high, potentially non-uniform cultivation. To improve the quality of seed, seed health, and reduce the seeds of other varieties, farmers need to make improvements in production with the implementation of selection in the planting, as well as improvements in the processing and storage of seeds.
Description
15 p.; tab.