Harnessing Plant Genetic Resources through Biotechnology for Food Security in Indonesia
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Date
2022-01-01
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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Abstract
Plant genetic resources (PGR) with high genetic diversity are valuable assets as the basis of global and national food security. This review article provides a comprehensive review about harnessing PGR through the application of biotechnology for food self-sufficiency in general and was addressed in Indonesia. Some topics concerning the challenge of food self-sufficiency related to the status of PGR in Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Gene Bank (IAARD-ICABIOGRAD Gene Bank), the utilization of PGR in Indonesia, relevant biotechnology to harness PGR,
supporting national legislation for national and global levels, and the future perspective were discussed. Many challenges including climate change, land degradation, increasing human population, and biodiversity loss have been attempted and need a high effort to achieve sustainable food production today. In a conservation perspective, PGR in the country was predominantly for research and breeding that are a complement to the propagation and cultivation. Considering its potential role in food security, a total of 30 crops are conserved ex situ by IAARD-ICABIOGRAD Gene Bank which is assigned to manage the germplasm and some other crop-based research institutes. An effective crop genetic improvement through implementation and application of biotechnology should be raised through basis and advance researches in vitro and molecular biology such as gene and genomic technologies and other omics, genetic engineering including genome editing would expectedly increase the utilization of PGR. As consequence, some governmental policy framework and laws are important support for national PGR program to harness PGR in Indonesia. Therefore, it will be a major opportunity that biotechnological approaches will be incorporated into the national agricultural program in complement
with national legislation to food security in Indonesia.
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Keywords
Plant Genetic, Food Security, Indonesia