Pendugaan Jarak Genetik dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Nanas Berdasarkan Analisis Isozim
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Date
2003-06-13
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan 30 aksesi nanas berdasarkan analisis isozim. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah-Solok mulai bulan September sampai dengan November 2001. Analisis isozim menggunakan elektroforesis model vertikal dengan gel poliakrilamid dengan lima sistem enzim (peroksidase, fosfoglukomutase, alkohol dehidrogenase, malat dehidrogenase, dan sikimat dehidrogenase). Untuk menentukan kemiripan genetik antaraksesi-aksesi nanas digunakan rumus koefisien kemiripan Dice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat kemiripan genetik paling kecil (0,23) atau jarak genetik terjauh (0,77) terdapat antara aksesi no. 16, 18, 24, 28, 31, 22, 2 (klon queen) dengan aksesi no. 10, 33, 35, 44 (klon merah) dan aksesi no. 3, 30, 32, 46 (klon hijau). Derajat kemiripan genetik terbesar (1,00) atau jarak genetik terdekat (0,00) terjadi antaranggota dalam klon merah, hijau, merah pagar, queen (kecuali no. 11, 17, 7), dan cayenne (kecuali no. 4, 37, 38). Hubungan kekerabatan 30 nomor aksesi terdiri atas empat kelompok pada kemiripan genetik 0,63, yaitu klon merah dan hijau, klon merah pagar, klon queen, dan klon cayenne. Tetua yang berjarak genetik jauh memiliki variabilitas genetik yang luas dan efek heterosis yang tinggi, sehingga peluang mendapatkan varietas unggul dalam persilangan semakin besar. Kata kunci : Ananas comosus, Aksesi; Jarak genetik: Hubungan kekerabatan;Isozim ABSTRACT. The objectives of this research were to determine genetic distance and genetic relationships among the pineapple accessions based on isozyme banding patterns.This research was conducted at Indonesian Fuit Research Institute from September to November 2001. Isozyme was analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with five enzymes (peroksidase, phosphoglucomutase, alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and shikimate dehydrogenase). The similarity based on Dice formula was used to determine genetic distance of 30 pineapple accessions. The results showed that the nearest genetic similarity (0.23) or the farthest genetic distance (0.77) was among accessions number of 16, 18, 24, 28, 31, 22, 2 (queen clones) accessions number of 10, 33, 35, 44 (red clones) and accessions of 3, 30, 32, 46 (green clones). The biggest genetic similarity (1.00) or the nearest genetis distance (0.00) was occured on the clones red, green, merah pagar, queen except for 11, 17, 7, and cayenne clone except for no. 4, 37, 38. The 30 pineapple accessions relationship was grouped into four genetic similarity 0.65, of red clone, merah pagar clone, queen clone, and cayenne clone. Parents having for genetic distance indicated wide genetic variability and high heterosis effect so that the hybridization give the big chance for getting superior quality.