Analisis Finansial Penggunaan Benih Kentang G4 Bersertifikat dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Usahatani Petani Kentang
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Date
2013-08-02
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Permasalahan utama usahatani kentang ialah produktivitas rerata yang masih rendah, yaitu sekitar16,94 t/ha. Penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan para petanikentang. Penelitian mengenai analisis finansial penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat dalam meningkatkan pendapatanusahatani kentang di Indonesia telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Barat dan KecamatanBatur, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, dari bulan Januari-Desember 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisis secarafinansial penggunaan benih kentang G4 bersertifikat dalam hal biaya, produksi, penerimaan, dan keuntungan bersihusahatani dibanding dengan penggunaan benih kentang tidak bersertifikat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metodesurvei. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara berstruktur dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dariinstansi terkait. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis biaya dan pendapatan dilakukandengan metode analisis finansial statik serta uji t untuk membandingkan dua perlakuan. Hasil analisis biaya usahatanikentang menunjukkan bahwa di Pangalengan rerata biaya produksi kentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapaiRp37.042.970,00, dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp29.305.108,00 per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata biaya produksikentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai Rp23.718.196,00 dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp22.589.475,00 perha/musim. Di Pangalengan, rerata produksi kentang yang dihasilkan dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai 26.364kg, dan benih tidak bersertifikat mencapai 22.001 kg per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata produksi kentang dengan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat masing-masing mencapai 16.976 kg dan 14.031 kg per ha/musim. Hasilanalisis masukan dan keluaran menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan usahatani kentang yang menggunakan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat mendapatkan penerimaan serta keuntungan bersih masing-masingRp70.417.354,00 dan Rp53.529.785,00 serta Rp33.374.384,00 dan Rp24.224.677,00 per ha/musim, sedangkan di Baturmendapatkan penerimaan Rp67.130.010,00 dan Rp51.338.645,00 serta keuntungan bersih sebesar Rp43.411.814,00dan Rp28.749.170,00 per ha/musim. Hasil perhitungan uji t menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan penggunaan benihkentang G4 bersertifikat memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam biaya dan penerimaan, sedangkan di Batur,memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam penerimaan dan keuntungan bersih usahatani dibanding dengan yangmenggunakan benih tidak bersertifikat.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., Nurmalinda, Sabari, and Y. Hilman. 2010. Financial Analysis of Potato FarmingSystem Using G4 Certified Seed to Improve Potato Farmer’s Income. The main problem on potato farmingsystem was low productivity (16.94 t/ha). The use of certified seeds (generation four/G4) was expected to improveproductivity and potato farmers income. The research was conducted at Pangalengan District, Bandung, West JavaProvince and Batur District, Banjarnegara, Central Java, from January to December 2008. The objectives of thisresearch was to analyze financially the used of certified seed (G4) in term of production cost, productivity, revenue,and profit of potato farming in comparation with the used of uncertified seed. The study was conducted by usingsurvey method. Primary data were obtained through interviewing farmers and secondary data were collected fromthe related institutions. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while the cost and income analysis weredone by static method, and t test. The results indicated that the production cost in Pangalengan reached as much asRp37,042,970.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp29,305,108.00/ha (using uncertified seeds). Similar result wasobtained in Batur, the production cost was Rp23,718,196.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp22,589,475.00/ha (usinguncertified seeds). In Pangalengan, potato productivity reached 26,364 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and 22,001 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds), while in Batur, the productivity was about 16,976 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and14,031 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds). The result of input and output analyses showed that in Pangalengan, potatofarming provide revenue and profit about Rp.70,417,354.00 and Rp.33,374,384.00/ha/season respectively (usingcertified seeds), while uncertified seeds gave revenue and profit Rp.53,529,785.00/ha and Rp.24,224,677.00/ha/season, respectively. Whereas in Batur, the use of certified seeds provide revenue and profit Rp.67,130,010.00 andRp.43,411,818.00/ha/season respectively, while uncertified seeds provide Rp.51,338,645.00 and Rp.28,749,170.00/ha/season respectively. The results of t-test showed that in Pangalengan, the use of certified seeds was significantlydifferent in term of production cost and revenue, while in Batur, there were a significant different on the revenue andbenefit between the use of certified and uncertified seeds.