Serangan Hama Tikus di Provinsi Bali dan Upaya Pengendaliannya
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Date
2009-07-24
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Tikus sawah mampu memanfaatkan berbagai sumber pakan di lingkungannya untuk bertahan hidup. Untuk pengendalian perlu mengetahui jenis, variasi, dan komposisi pakan alarninya. Penelitian pakan alami dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut, tikus ditangkap dengan TBS (Trap Barrier System), LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System) dan fumigasi di persawahan BB Padi pada saat bera dan selama pertanaman. Atribut biologi tikus dicatat dan dilakukan identifikasi material pakan alami dalam Iambungnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material pakan dalam Iambung tikus sawah berupa endosperm padi, serpihan rumput.rumputan (epidermis, helaian daun, serpihan batang, dan beragam serat), buah dan biji non-padi, bagian tanaman dikotil (epidermis, serpihan daun, batang, dan akar), arthropoda (serpihan eksoskeleton, tungkai, antena, sayap dan exuvie), serta materi lain (rambut, cacing, dan materi tidak teridentifikasi). Endosperm dan bagian pangkal batang padi merupakan porsi terbesar pada 109 tikus sampel (55 jantan dan 54 betina). Pada bera pratanam hingga pesemaian, komposisi pakan berupa rumput-rumputan (45%), endosperm padi (31, dan kategori pakan yang lain dalam kisaran 4-1096. Ketika padi stadia vegetatif, komposisi beragam kategori pakan relatif setara dalarn kisaran pada stadia padi generatif, komposisi pakan alami tjkus berupa endosperm padi (26%), materi lain (25%), bagian tanaman dikotil (18%), rumput-rumputan (12%), arthropoda (12%), dan biji/buah non-padi (7%). Komposisi pakan pada saat bera pascapanen hingga munculnya ratun relatif sama dengan stadia generatif padi.
Abstract
Natural Diets Composition of Rice-Field Rat in Irrigated Lowland Agroecosystem. Rice-field rat is able to use the kind of food sources for their survival Research was conducted to study the natural diets consumed by rice-field rat in different rice stages and fallow season. Rat captured using TBS (trap barrier system), LTBS (linear trap barrier system) and fumigation methods from Indonesian Centre for Rice Research field station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java during rice planting and fallow season. The rat biological attributes were recorded and continued by identification of diet materials using stomach content analysis. The results showed that the natural diet found in rice- field rat stomach categorized as rice endosperm, grass (epidermis, leaf, stem parts and plant fiber), fruits and non-rice grains (pericarp and endosperm), dicotyledon plants (epidermis, root, leaf and stem part), arthropods (exoskeleton, legs, antenna, wings, mouth parts) and rest materials (uncommon food as hairs, worm, muscle or unidentified materials). Rice endosperrn was dominant as stomach con- tent (76.95%) from 109 rats (55 males and 54 females). During fallow to nursery, composition of rat stomach content was grass (45%), rice endosperm (31%), and other materials (4-10%). During vegetative rice stage, all food categories consumed in similar portion (17-25%). During generative rice stage, the composition as follows: rice endosperm (26%), rest materials (25%), dicotyledon plants (18%), grass (12%), arthropods (12%), and fruit and non-rice-grains (7%). After harvest period up to apparent of ratoon, the composition of diets relatively similar with those found during generative rice stage.
Description
12 p.; ills.