Kemampuan Blastospora Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae dan Lecanicillium decanii dalam Menginfeksi Kumbang Hypothenemus hampei
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Hypothenemus hampei merupakan hama penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) yang sulit dikendalikan karena hidup di dalam buah kopi. Blastospora jamur patogen serangga (JPS) diharapkan efektif mengendalikan hama tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan blastospora Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae dan Lecanicillium lecanii dalam menginfeksi, mematikan dan menghambat perkembangan H. hampei pada buah kopi di laboratorium. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Desember 2019 di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi. Penelitian menggunakan 14 perlakuan, yaitu 3 jenis jamur (P. fumosoroseus, M. anisopliae dan L. lecanii) dengan masing-masing 4 kerapatan (108, 107, 106, dan 105 blastospora/ml), kontrol positif menggunakan insektisida nabati (Biotris) dan kontrol negatif, serta diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas, jumlah gerekan, dan perkembangan serangga setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua blastospora mampu menginfeksi dan mematikan imago H. hampei di laboratorium. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan P. fumosoroseus dengan kerapatan 108 blastospora/ml (P1) sebesar 39,91%, sedangkan jumlah gerekan terendah pada perlakuan L. lecanii 106 blastospora/ml (L3) dengan daya hambat sebesar 28,57%. Semua jenis blastospora juga dapat menghambat perkembangan serangga dalam buah kopi, dengan tingkat penghambatan tertinggi pada perlakuan M. anisopliae 108 blastospora/ml (M1) yaitu 78,69% untuk telur dan 74,24% untuk larva. Blastospora dari tiga jenis JPS berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bioinsektisida pengendali PBKo.
Hypothenemus hampei is a coffee berry borers (CBB) that is difficult to control because it lives inside the coffee berries. Blastospores of entomopathogen fungal are expected to be effective in controlling these pests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of blastospores Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii to infect, kill and inhibit the development of H. hampei on coffee cherries in the laboratory. The study was conducted from March to December 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi. The study used 14 treatments, namely 3 types of fungi are P. fumosoroseus, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii with every 4 densities are 108, 107, 106, and 105 blastospores/ml, positive control using botanical insecticides (Biotris) and negative control, and repeated 4 times. The parameters observed were mortalities, number of bor holes, and insect development after treatment. The results showed that all blastospores were able to infect and kill H. imago in the laboratory. The highest mortality occurred in the treatment of P. fumosoroseus with 108 blastospores/ml densities (P1) by 39.91%. Blastospores of 3 entomopathogens were able to inhibit the number of bor holes on the coffee cherries, with the highest inhibition in the treatment of L. lecanii 106 blastospores/ml (L3) by 28.57%. All types of blastospores can also inhibit insect development in the coffee cherries. Treatment of M. anisopliae 108 blastospore/ml (M1) was able to reduce the number of eggs and nymphs by 78.69% and 74.24% respectively compared to negative controls. Blastospores from three types of entomopathogens have the potential to be developed as bioinsecticides to control CBB.
Hypothenemus hampei is a coffee berry borers (CBB) that is difficult to control because it lives inside the coffee berries. Blastospores of entomopathogen fungal are expected to be effective in controlling these pests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of blastospores Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii to infect, kill and inhibit the development of H. hampei on coffee cherries in the laboratory. The study was conducted from March to December 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi. The study used 14 treatments, namely 3 types of fungi are P. fumosoroseus, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii with every 4 densities are 108, 107, 106, and 105 blastospores/ml, positive control using botanical insecticides (Biotris) and negative control, and repeated 4 times. The parameters observed were mortalities, number of bor holes, and insect development after treatment. The results showed that all blastospores were able to infect and kill H. imago in the laboratory. The highest mortality occurred in the treatment of P. fumosoroseus with 108 blastospores/ml densities (P1) by 39.91%. Blastospores of 3 entomopathogens were able to inhibit the number of bor holes on the coffee cherries, with the highest inhibition in the treatment of L. lecanii 106 blastospores/ml (L3) by 28.57%. All types of blastospores can also inhibit insect development in the coffee cherries. Treatment of M. anisopliae 108 blastospore/ml (M1) was able to reduce the number of eggs and nymphs by 78.69% and 74.24% respectively compared to negative controls. Blastospores from three types of entomopathogens have the potential to be developed as bioinsecticides to control CBB.
Keywords
Bioinsektisida; entomopatogen; Hypothenemus hampei; kopi, , Bioinsecticide; coffee; Hypothenemus hampei; entomophatogen,