Pengaruh Bobot dan Perendaman Bulbil Terhadap Viabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Permasalahan yang sering muncul dalam pengadaan benih adalah dalam pemilihan benih yang memiliki mutu fisiologis yang tinggi. Bahan tanam porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) umumnya berupa bulbil yang memiliki ukuran bervariasi dengan masa dormansi 4-5 bulan. Salah satu upaya untuk mematahkan dormansi benih adalah dengan melakukan perendaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran bobot bulbil dan lama perendaman terhadap viabilitas dan pertumbuhan benih porang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Balittri, Sukabumi mulai September-Desember 2020. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terpisah dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah ukuran bobot bulbil yang terdiri atas 3 kategori: (1) ukuran besar (12,66-16,96 g/benih), (2) sedang (10,41-11,53 g/benih), dan (3) kecil (5,63-7,11 g/benih). Anak petak adalah lama perendaman dalam air yang terdiri atas 4 taraf: 0 jam (tanpa perendaman), serta perendaman selama 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam. Peubah yang diamati meliputi: viabilitas benih, panjang tangkai daun, dan bobot segar tanaman umur 2 bulan setelah semai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara bobot bulbil porang dengan lama perendaman terhadap semua peubah yang diamati. Bulbil dengan bobot yang berukuran besar dan sedang menghasilkan viabilitas dan panjang tangkai daun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bulbil yang berukuran kecil, sedangkan bobot segar tanaman yang tertinggi dihasilkan oleh bobot bulbil yang berukuran besar. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi viabilitas benih, maka semakin panjang tangkai daun, dan semakin meningkat bobot segar tanaman.
The problem that often arises in the procurement of seeds is in selecting seeds that have high physiological quality. The Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) planting material is generally in the form of bulbils of varying sizes with a dormancy period of 4-5 months. One of the efforts to break seed dormancy is by soaking. This study aimed to determine the effect of bulbil weight and soaking duration on the viability and growth of porang. The research was carried out at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from September to December 2020. The design used was a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the bulbil weight which consisted of 3 categories: (1) large size (12.66-16.96 g/seed), (2) medium (10.41-11.53 g/seed), and (3) small (5.63-7.11 g/seed). The sub-plots were the soaking duration in water which consisted of 4 levels: 0 hours (without soaking), and soaking for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The variables observed were the viability, petiole length, and fresh weight of plants at 2 months after sowing. The results showed that there’s no interaction effect between bulbil weight and soaking duration for all variables observed. Bulbs with large and medium weights produced higher viability and petiole length compared to small bulbils, while the highest plant fresh weight was produced by large bulbil weights. The correlation results showed that the higher the viability of the seed, the longer the petiole, and the higher the fresh weight of plant.
The problem that often arises in the procurement of seeds is in selecting seeds that have high physiological quality. The Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) planting material is generally in the form of bulbils of varying sizes with a dormancy period of 4-5 months. One of the efforts to break seed dormancy is by soaking. This study aimed to determine the effect of bulbil weight and soaking duration on the viability and growth of porang. The research was carried out at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from September to December 2020. The design used was a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the bulbil weight which consisted of 3 categories: (1) large size (12.66-16.96 g/seed), (2) medium (10.41-11.53 g/seed), and (3) small (5.63-7.11 g/seed). The sub-plots were the soaking duration in water which consisted of 4 levels: 0 hours (without soaking), and soaking for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The variables observed were the viability, petiole length, and fresh weight of plants at 2 months after sowing. The results showed that there’s no interaction effect between bulbil weight and soaking duration for all variables observed. Bulbs with large and medium weights produced higher viability and petiole length compared to small bulbils, while the highest plant fresh weight was produced by large bulbil weights. The correlation results showed that the higher the viability of the seed, the longer the petiole, and the higher the fresh weight of plant.
Keywords
Amorphophallus muelleri; bobot bulbil; perendaman; pertumbuhan; viabilitas, , Amorphophallus muelleri; bulbil weight; growth; soaking; viability,