Plasma Nutfah sebagai Sumber Gen untuk Menunjang Perbaikan Sifat dalam Perakitan Varietas Kacang Tanah
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Date
2004
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BB Biogen
Abstract
Germplasm as a Source for Developing New Elite Varieties of Groundnut. Sri Astuti
Rais. Germplasm is one of the important resource, other than soil, water and air, that must be kept to conserved. It contain a lot of valuables traits that will be very useful for facilitating plant improvement. A high variability inside of this germplasm can be used for developing new varieties which have a specific character in its own such as tolerance to disease, tolerance to aluminum toxicity, drought tolerance, tolerance to shading, variety which has short-day maturity and high nutritional quality. Until 2002, gene bank of ICABIOGRAD-Bogor, already conserve 1146 accessions of groundnut. It consist of 176 accessions of introduced varieties, 374 accessions of local varieties, 2 accessions of wild species, and 565 accessions of breedinglines derived from breeding population conducted in Bogor and Sukamandi. Evaluation of groundnut germplasm has been conducted in Bogor and RILET-Malang, and the results showed that 20 accessions are tolerance to acid soil, 30 accessions are drought tolerance, 26 accessions are tolerance to shading, 18 accessions have a short-day maturity, 51 accessions are tolerance to Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum), 43 accessions are tolerance to Rust disease (Puccinia arachidis), 25 accessions are tolerance to Leaf spot (Cercospora sp),
31 accessions have protein content 32-34%, and 25 accessions have a high oil content (more than 45%). These selected germplasm can be recommended to be used as a parents for groundnut breeding program in Indonesia.
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Keywords
Groundnut, germplasm, source