Analisis Usaha Tani dan Rantai Tata Niaga Kopi Robusta di Bengkulu
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Kopi merupakan sumber pendapatan petani di Bengkulu dengan nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Hal ini mendorong pemerintah menggalakkan pengembangan kopi sebagai komoditas unggulan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pendapatan usaha tani dan gambaran umum pemasaran kopi Robusta di Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan secara survei di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu, mulai bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2014. Data dikumpulkan dari 40 orang responden yang meliputi petani, pedagang pengumpul desa, pedagang pengumpul kecamatan, dan pedagang besar. Analisis data menggunakan tabulasi silang, kemudian dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani kopi memberikan pendapatan yang cukup baik. Hal ini dicerminkan oleh pendapatan usaha tani kopi Robusta sebesar Rp8.417.600,00/ha dengan nilai R/C-ratio 1,87. Rantai pemasaran kopi Robusta melibatkan petani sebagai produsen, pedagang pengumpul tingkat desa dan kecamatan sebagai penampung awal, kemudian menjual ke pedagang besar/agen dan eksportir. Saluran pemasaran kopi di Bengkulu cukup efisien dengan nilai persentase marjin pemasaran yang relatif rendah dan merata serta bagian yang diterima produsen lebih dari 50%.
Coffee farming is economically important for farmers in Bengkulu and the demand/consumption is also increasing which prompted the government to promote its development to improve the community economy. This research aimed to find the economic contributions of coffee farming and a general overview of its marketing by survey method, conducted from May to August 2014 in Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. Data were collected from 40 respondents (farmers, traders at village and district level, wholesalers, and exporters), analyzed by cross tabulations, which then explained descriptively. The result showed that coffee farming in Bengkulu provides reasonable revenue for farmers, which can reach up to IDR8,417,600.00/ha with a value of R/C ratio of 1.87 for Robusta coffee farmers. The coffee chain marketing of Robusta coffee involving farmers as producers, traders at village or subdistrict level as initial gatherers who sell to wholesalers. Coffee marketing in Bengkulu is fairly efficient with relatively low market margin and the producers receive more than 50%.
Coffee farming is economically important for farmers in Bengkulu and the demand/consumption is also increasing which prompted the government to promote its development to improve the community economy. This research aimed to find the economic contributions of coffee farming and a general overview of its marketing by survey method, conducted from May to August 2014 in Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. Data were collected from 40 respondents (farmers, traders at village and district level, wholesalers, and exporters), analyzed by cross tabulations, which then explained descriptively. The result showed that coffee farming in Bengkulu provides reasonable revenue for farmers, which can reach up to IDR8,417,600.00/ha with a value of R/C ratio of 1.87 for Robusta coffee farmers. The coffee chain marketing of Robusta coffee involving farmers as producers, traders at village or subdistrict level as initial gatherers who sell to wholesalers. Coffee marketing in Bengkulu is fairly efficient with relatively low market margin and the producers receive more than 50%.
Keywords
Kopi; pendapatan petani; tata niaga; usaha tani, , Coffee; farmer income; farming; marketing,