Browsing by Author "Susilowati ...[at al], Mariana"

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    Growth Variation and Relationship of Clove Progenies of High-Yielding Mother Trees Collected from Various Regions in Indonesia
    (Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, 2022-01-19) Susilowati ...[at al], Mariana; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian
    Abstract. Clove is a native spice from Indonesia, originating from Maluku Islands. Indonesia is the largest producer and consumer of cloves, but productivity is less than 800 kg of dried clove buds. To improve national clove productivity, it is necessary to select high-yielding mother trees (HYMTs) and used them as seed sources in clove planting. The objective of present study was to characterize morphological characteristics of the progenies and calculate the relationships of the selected clove HYMTs. The research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Division, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from December 2018 to December 2020. Seeds of 129 HYMTs collected from thirteen regions in Indonesia were sown at the greenhouse, and the germinated seedlings were planted in polybags. The observation was made on seedlings at 4 and 8 months after planting. The result showed that clove progenies of different HYMTs varied morphologically. However, this variation was relatively low indicated by the similarity value of 72% observed among the clove progenies. Based on dendrogram generated from morphological characters of the clove progenies derived HYMTs were divided into three groups. The group I consisted of HYMTs from Banggai Kepulauan, Semarang, Karo, Ende, Gorontalo, and Solok; the group II consisted of HYMTs from Cianjur, Buru Selatan, Karanganyar, and Bogor; the group III consisted of HYMTs from Trenggalek, East Manggarai, and Alor. HYMTs from Ende and Trenggalek had good seedling performance based on morphological characters and the farthest distance, indicating their different genetic backgrounds and beneficial for selecting parental for breeding programs.
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    Peningkatan Keragaman Morfologi Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
    (KOMISI NASIONAL SUMBER DAYA GENETIK, 2021-09-15) Susilowati ...[at al], Mariana; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
    Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a potential medicinal plant that is useful as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. Important chemical compounds contained such as alkaloids, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and lectins. Rodent tuber is propagated vegetatively with its tuber. So that, genetic variation of rodent tuber is still relatively low. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of tuber size on the effectiveness of physical mutations and increase the morphological variation of rodent tuber through gamma irradiation. Macro and micro tubers were mutated using gamma irradiation with 0 Gy, 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, and 25 Gy concentrations. The results of this study indicated that there was an effect of tuber size on the LD20 and LD50 values. Macro tubers were still able to grow at radiation level of 25 Gy, meanwhile micro tubers were only able to grow at a radiation level of around 15 Gy. In general, rodent tuber mutants had shorter growth but had a higher greenish level of the leaves. Macro tuber mutants with a radiation level of 15 Gy showed a higher number of tillers among the other mutants.