Browsing by Author "Suharto, Hendarsih"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ekologi Tikus Sawah dan Teknologi Pengendaliannya
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2008-06-01) Suharto, Hendarsih; N. Usyati
    Abstrak Penggerek batang padi (Yellow Stem Borer) merupakan salah satu hama utama yang secara signifikan dapat menurunkan produktivitas tanaman padi melalui kerusakan fase vegetatif (sundep) dan fase generatif (beluk). Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai strategi pengendalian hama penggerek batang padi yang efektif, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengkaji berbagai jurnal ilmiah, laporan penelitian, dan panduan teknis pertanian. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang menggabungkan teknik kultur teknis (seperti pengaturan pola tanam dan pergiliran varietas), pengendalian fisik-mekanis, pemanfaatan agen hayati (seperti Trichogramma spp. dan parasitoid parasit telur), serta penggunaan insektisida kimia secara bijaksana dan terukur, mampu menekan populasi hama di bawah ambang ekonomi secara signifikan. Kesimpulannya, koordinasi antarpetani dalam penerapannya secara serentak di tingkat hamparan menjadi kunci keberhasilan pengendalian penggerek batang padi secara berkelanjutan. Abstract The rice stem borer is one of the primary pests that significantly reduces rice crop productivity through damage in the vegetative phase (deadheart) and the generative phase (whitehead). This paper aims to analyze various effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly rice stem borer control strategies. The method utilized is a literature review, synthesizing data from scientific journals, research reports, and agricultural technical guides. The results indicate that implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies—combining cultural practices (such as synchronized planting schedules and crop rotation), physical-mechanical controls, biological agents (such as Trichogramma spp. and egg parasitoids), and the judicious use of chemical insecticides—significantly suppresses pest populations below the economic threshold. In conclusion, coordinated and synchronized implementation among farmers at the landscape level is the key to achieving sustainable rice stem borer control.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluasi Penerapan Pengendalian Terpadu Pada Hama Penggerek Batang dan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2010-11-18) Noor, E. Sutisna; Kurniawati, Nia; Suharto, Hendarsih; Kadir, Triny S.
    Abstract Resistance of Swampy Rice Lines to Brown Plant Hopper. There were a total of 9.5 million ha swampy areas potential to be utilized as a productive agriculture land. The main constrain in the areas were abiotic and biotic in nature. In those areas the rice plants usually grown were local varieties and the yields were low. To obtain rice varieties resistant to the brown plant hopper and have good yield potential, a greenhouse studies have been conducted at Muara Experimental Station, the ICRR, during the year of 2007 and 2008 by the method of seedling box screening test. The rice lines tested were those selected from the early yield test (EYT) and the multi-location test (MLT) trials. The tested lines were infested with the brown planthopper biotype 2 and 3 which have been reared in the Green House of Muara Experimental Station. Results of the screening indicated that the lines of B9858D-KA-55, IR70213-9-CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, and IR70215-2-CPA-2-1-UBN-1-2 were moderately resistant to the BPH biotype 2 and biotype 3, while the line IR70181-5-PM1-1-2-B-1 was resistant to biotype 3 and moderately resistant to biotype 2. Abstrak Ketahanan varietas padi rawa yang ada sekarang terhadap wereng cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) perlu diuji untuk mendapatkan varietas padi yang tahan terhadap wereng cokelat (WCK). Uji ketahanan beberapa galur padi yang berasal dari Kelti Pemuliaan, BB Padi telah dilakukan di rumah kaca KP Muara, Bogor, BB Padi pada MT 2007 dan 2008. Galur padi yang diuji disemai dalam seedling box screening test, kemudian diinfestasi dengan WCK biotipe 3. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa galur yang agak tahan terhadap WCK biotipe 3 adalah B9858D-KA-55, IR70213-9-CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, dan IR70215-2-CPA-2-1-UBN-1-2. Sementara galur IR70181-5-PM1-1-2-B-1 menunjukkan reaksi tahan dan agak tahan berturut-turut terhadap WCK biotipe 3 dan 2.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Keong Mas, dari Hewan Peliharaan Menjadi Hama Utama Padi Sawah
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2008-06-01) Suharto, Hendarsih; Kurniawati, Nia
    Abstrak Keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) awalnya diintroduksi sebagai hewan peliharaan akuarium dan komoditas pembudidayaan. Namun, pesatnya perkembangbiakan dan tidak terbentuknya pasar ekonomi yang berkelanjutan menyebabkan organisme ini terlepas ke lingkungan ekosistem persawahan dan bertransformasi menjadi salah satu hama utama tanaman padi sawah. Keong mas menyerang tanaman padi terutamanya pada fase vegetatif awal (1–3 minggu setelah tanam) dengan memotong pangkal batang dan memakan daun muda yang lunak. Serangan ini berpotensi menurunkan hasil produksi pertanian hingga 10%–60% serta memaksa petani melakukan proses penyulaman atau penanaman ulang. Artikel ini mengulas sejarah peralihan status keong mas dari hewan peliharaan menjadi hama invasif, karakteristik bioekologi, dampak kerugian ekonomi yang ditimbulkan, serta strategi pengendalian terpadu (PHT) yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Pengendalian yang dinilai paling efektif meliputi manajemen tata kelola air, pengutipan kelompok telur secara mekanis, pemanfaatan predator alami (seperti itik), penggunaan perangkap/atraktan hayati, serta konversi limbah keong mas menjadi pupuk organik cair maupun pakan ternak. Abstract The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) was initially introduced as an aquarium pet and a potential aquaculture commodity. However, rapid reproduction rates and the lack of a sustainable market led to its release into wetland ecosystems, causing it to transform into a major pest of lowland rice crops. The Golden apple snail primarily attacks rice plants during the early vegetative state (1–3 weeks post-transplanting) by cutting the base of young tillers and consuming tender shoots. Severe infestations can reduce crop yields by 10% to 60%, forcing farmers to replant affected areas. This article reviews the historical status shift of the golden apple snail from a pet to an invasive agricultural pest, its bio-ecological characteristics, the economic damage caused, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The most effective control strategies include proper water management, manual collection of egg masses, biological control using natural predators (such as ducks), botanical traps/attractants, and converting snail biomass into liquid organic fertilizer or animal feed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Pengaruh Ketebalan Kemasan dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Efektivitas Campuran Saponin dan Urea Dalam Mengendalikan Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata L)
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2010-11-18) N. Kurniawati; Suharto, Hendarsih
    Abstract Effect of duration of storage and package plastic thickness to effectivity of Saponin mixture to control golden apple snail. Organic molluscicide Saponin, was effective against the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata L), but its effectiveness was only three days. On the hand, basal fertilizer could suppress the golden apple snail (GAS) damage. Effect of duration of storage and three package plastic thickness was evaluated on selected treatments were evaluated. All trials were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Trials were done in the rainy season 2007/2008. Laboratory trials were conducted to test several mixtures between fertilizer urea and Saponin. Two litters of water wash poured to each mixture with concentration 0.2 g/l and put in a 30 cm diameter basin. 20 of 1,5 cm diameter GAS were put in the basin. Damage plant and died GAS observation were held 4 days after infestation. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and differences among means were tested by DMRT 5%. Results of trials showed that: Urea at 100 kg/ha could suppress plant damage due to GAS; Saponin at 20 kg/ha, either in coarse or powder forms had the same effectiveness. Mixture between basal fertilizer Urea + SP36+ KCI and Saponin (20 kg/ha) was more effective compared to Saponin application alone in decreasing plant damage. Abstrak Pestisida nabati berdasarkan percobaan terdahulu efektif terhadap keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata L), namun efektifitasnya hanya tiga hari. Dilain pihak pemupukan dasar dilaporkan dapat mengurangi tingkat serangan keong mas. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh larna penyimpanan dan ketebalan kemasan terhadap efektifitas campuran Saponin, telah di lakukan pengujian di rumah kasa BB Padi pada musim hujan 2007/2008. Percobaan dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (CRD) dengan 3 ulangan. Campuran Saponin dengan pupuk urea urea, diuji daya bunuhnya nya terhadap keong mas dan kerusakan tanaman. Tiap campuran dilarutkan dengan 2 liter air dengan konsentrasi 0,2 g/l air dan ditempatkan ke dalam baskom berdiameter 30 cm. Setelah larutan siap, sebanyak 20 ekor keong mas ukuran 1,5 cm dimasukan ke dalam larutan tersebut. Pengamatan tanaman rusak dan keong yang mati dilakukan pada 4 hari setelah infestasi (HSI). Data dianalisa sidik ragam dan perbedaan diuji dengan DMRT 5%. Hasil pengujian yang baru didapat ialah: Urea pada dosis 100 kg/ha dapat menekan kerusakan tanaman oleh keong mas, Saponin pada dosis 20 kg/ha dalam bentuk tepung atau kasar efektif terhadap keong mas.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Padi Secara Terpadu
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2008-06-01) Widiarta, I Nyoman; Suharto, Hendarsih
    Abstrak Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas pangan utama yang sering mengalami penurunan produktivitas akibat serangan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman (OPT). Penggunaan pestisida kimia secara berlebihan tidak hanya meningkatkan biaya produksi, tetapi juga berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan resistensi hama. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) menjadi strategi yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan teknik PHT pada budidaya padi, yang mengintegrasikan metode mekanis, biologi, bercocok tanam (agronomis), dan kimia secara bijaksana. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pemanfaatan varietas tahan, agen pengendali hayati, serta pola tanam serempak mampu menekan populasi hama dan insidensi penyakit secara signifikan tanpa merusak ekosistem. Penerapan PHT terbukti dapat menjaga kestabilan hasil panen sekaligus mendukung keberlanjutan pertanian ramah lingkungan. Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary food commodity that frequently experiences productivity losses due to Plant Pests and Diseases (OPT). Overreliance on chemical pesticides not only raises production costs but also negatively impacts the environment and leads to pest resistance. Therefore, the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach serves as an effective and sustainable strategy. This study aims to analyse the implementation of IPM techniques in rice cultivation, which integrate mechanical, biological, cultural, and judicious chemical methods. The review shows that combining resistant varieties, biological control agents, and synchronized planting patterns significantly suppresses pest populations and disease incidence without disrupting the ecosystem. The application of IPM is proven to maintain yield stability while supporting eco-friendly agricultural sustainability.