GALUR-GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS DI LAHAN TADAH HUJAN
| dc.contributor | en-US | |
| dc.creator | SUMARTINI, SIWI | |
| dc.creator | ABDURRAKHMAN, ABDURRAKHMAN | |
| dc.creator | SULISTYOWATI, EMY; Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Jl. Raya Karangploso, P.O. Box 199, Malang 65152 | |
| dc.date | 2008-09-18 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-05-24T01:41:01Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-05-24T01:41:01Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2008-09-18 | |
| dc.description | ABSTRAKAreal pertanaman kapas di Indonesia tersebar di enam propinsi yaituJawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa TenggaraTimur, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Pengembangan kapas 70% berada di lahantadah hujan dan 30% di lahan sawah sesudah tanaman padi. Di lahan tadahhujan biasanya kapas ditanam setelah jagung, kedelai atau kacang hijaudan selalu mengalami kendala kekurangan air selama pertumbuhannya.Karena kendala tersebut, produksi kapas berbiji ditingkat petani umumnyahanya mencapai 200 – 500 kg per hektar. Penelitian uji multilokasidilaksanakan di Asembagus dan Wongsorejo (Jawa Timur), Bayan (NusaTenggara Barat), dan Bantaeng serta Bulukumba (Sulawesi Selatan), dilahan tadah hujan pada tahun 2004 – 2006. Sebanyak 9 galur dan varietasKanesia 8 disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 4 kali(tiga ulangan tidak mendapatkan tambahan pengairan setelah tanamanberumur 42 hari atau setelah pemupukan kedua), satu ulangan diberipengairan optimal sampai panen, yang digunakan untuk menghitungIndeks Kepekaan Terhadap Kekeringan. Kapas ditanam secara monokulturpada petak percobaan berukuran 50m 2 dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25cm, satu tanaman per lubang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah : hasilkapas berbiji pada kondisi keterbatasan air, hasil kapas berbiji padakondisi pengairan optimal, indeks kerentanan terhadap kekeringan, skorkerusakan daun akibat serangan Amrasca biguttula, dan mutu serat. Padakondisi tidak mendapatkan tambahan pengairan, rata-rata potensi hasilgalur-galur yang diuji tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas Kanesia 8 sertatoleran terhadap A biguttula dan mutu seratnya memenuhi syarat untukindustri tekstil di Indonesia. Galur-galur yang produktivitasnya mencapailebih dari 1.500 kg kapas berbiji/ha adalah (135x182)(351x268)9,(135x182)(351x268)10, dan (135x182)10. Dilihat dari produktivitas, keta-hanan terhadap A. biguttula, ketahanan terhadap kekeringan dan mutuserat, terdapat dua galur harapan yang dapat dilepas sebagai varietas baruyang sesuai untuk dikembangkan di lahan tadah hujan pada kondisi keter-batasan air yaitu galur {(135x182)(351x268)}9 dan galur (339x448)2.Keunggulan galur {(135x182)(351x268)}9 adalah lebih toleran terhadapkondisi dengan ketersediaan air terbatas dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8,sedangkan produktivitas, ketahanannya terhadap A biguttula, serta mutuseratnya tidak berbeda. Keunggulan galur (339x448)2 dibandingkandengan Kanesia 8 adalah mutu seratnya lebih tinggi, sedangkan produk-tivitas serta ketahanannya terhadap keterbatasan air dan A. biguttula tidakberbeda.Kata kunci : Kapas, produktivitas, mutu serat, tahan terhadap kekeringanABSTRACTNew cotton lines adaptive to rain-fedCotton growing area in Indonesia extended in six provinces i.e.East Java, Middle Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggaraand South Sulawesi. Cotton area in Indonesia is mostly (70%) in rain-fed, and the rest is on rice-field after paddy (30%). On rain-fed areas,cotton is commonly grown after maize, soybean, or greenbean, that itsuffers from drought. This condition has resulted low yield ranging 200 –500 kg seed cotton per hectare. As a result, farmers income and farmersinterest in cotton cultivation are low . Multilocations trial were conductedin Asembagus and Wongsorejo (East Java), Bayan (West Nusa Tenggara),and Bantaeng as well as Bulukumba (South Sulawesi), on rain-fed area in2004 to 2006. 9 lines of cotton and Kanesia 8 were arranged in randomizedblock design with four replications three replications without irrigation 42days after planting and one replication with optimal irrigation for theestimation of drought susceptibility index. Monoculture cotton was grownin plots sized 50 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing, one plant perhole. Parameters observed were seed cotton yield on water limitedcondition, seed cotton yield on full irrigation, drought susceptibility index,score of leaf damage caused by Amrasca biguttula, and fibre quality.Means of productivity level of the cotton lines on water limited conditionwere not significantly different to Kanesia 8, all of them were tolerant toA biguttula with fiber quality was suitable for textile industries inIndonesia. There were three lines reached productivity more than 1,500kg/ha i.e. (135x182)(351x268)9, (135x182) (351x268)10, and (135x182)10. From the trials, there were two promising lines i.e. lines(135x182) (351x268) 9 and (339x448) 2 which can be released as newvarieties tolerant to water limited condition. Lines (135x182)(351x268) 9was more tolerant to water limited condition than Kanesia 8, and it was notsignificantly different in productivity, tolerancy to A biguttula, and fibrequality. Lines (339x448)2 was superior on its fiber quality than Kanesia 8and its productivity as well as its tolerancy to water limited condition andA biguttula were not significantly different. | en-US |
| dc.format | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier | http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jptip/article/view/2781 | |
| dc.identifier | 10.21082/littri.v14n3.2008.%p | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/1661 | |
| dc.language | eng | |
| dc.publisher | Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan | en-US |
| dc.relation | http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jptip/article/view/2781/2415 | |
| dc.rights | Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri | en-US |
| dc.source | 2528-6870 | |
| dc.source | 0853-8212 | |
| dc.source | Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri; Vol 14, No 3 (2008): September 2008; 87-94 | en-US |
| dc.title | GALUR-GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS DI LAHAN TADAH HUJAN | en-US |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type | Peer-reviewed Article | en-US |