Tingkat Resistensi Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera: Miridae) pada Tanaman Kakao terhadap Tiga Golongan Insektisida Sintetis
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Pada tanaman kakao di Indonesia, Helopeltis antonii Signoret merupakan salah satu hama utama yang dapat menurunkan produksi sebesar 60%. Selama ini petani melakukan tindakan pengendalian menggunakan insektisida sintetis. Namun penggunaan insektisida dengan dosis yang tidak tepat dapat mendorong terjadinya resistensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan tingkat resistensi H. antonii terhadap tiga golongan insektisida sintetis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor. Pengambilan populasi lapangan dan wawancara penggunaan insektisida dilaksanakan di kebun kakao daerah Bogor, Ciamis, dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat mulai bulan Agustus 2016 sampai Juni 2017. Serangga yang digunakan adalah nimfa instar 3 yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu populasi laboratorium dan populasi lapangan. Insektisida yang digunakan berbahan aktif klorpirifos (organofosfat), lamda sihalotrin (piretroid), dan tiametoksam (neonikotinoid). Buah mentimun digunakan sebagai pakan pengganti perbanyakan serangga uji H. antonii. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan lima tingkat konsentrasi insektisida yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan. Hubungan antara konsentrasi insektisida dan mortalitas serangga uji diolah dengan analisis probit. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan insektisida yang banyak digunakan oleh petani kakao adalah golongan piretroid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi lapangan H. antonii asal Bogor dan Ciamis telah resisten terhadap lamda sihalotrin dengan nisbah resistensi (NR) masing-masing 4,2 dan 10,8, sedangkan populasi asal Sukabumi mempunyai nilai NR 1,2. Semua populasi lapangan H. antonii menunjukkan indikasi resistensi terhadap tiametoksam dengan nilai NR 1,8–3,1. Indikasi resistensi terhadap klorpirifos hanya ditunjukkan pada populasi asal Bogor (NR 1,5).
In Indonesia, Helopeltis antonii Signoret is one damaging pest in cacao plant which may cause 60% production loss. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to control it. However, insecticides use with inappropriate dose can lead to resistance. The research aimed to determine the resistance level of H. antonii against three types of insecticides. The research was conducted at Green House of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. Collection of field population and interview of insecticides use was conducted at cacao plantation in Bogor, Ciamis, and Sukabumi, West Java from August 2016 to June 2017. The insect used was 3rd instar which divided into two groups, laboratory and field populations. Insecticides used contained active ingredients of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid). Cucumber was used as feed substitute for the multiplication of H. antonii test. The experiment was performed using five insecticide concentrations determined by preliminary test result. The relationships between insecticide concentration and insect mortality was analyzed by probit program. The interviews indicated that the insecticides widely used by farmers are pyrethroid type. The result demonstrated that field population of H. antonii from Bogor and Ciamis were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 4.2 and 10.8, respectively, whereas population from Sukabumi had RR value of 1.2. All field population of H. antonii showed resistance indication against thiamethoxam with RR ranged from 1.8 to 3.1. Resistance indication to chlorpyrifos was only shown by population from Bogor (RR 1.5).
In Indonesia, Helopeltis antonii Signoret is one damaging pest in cacao plant which may cause 60% production loss. Farmers have been using synthetic insecticides to control it. However, insecticides use with inappropriate dose can lead to resistance. The research aimed to determine the resistance level of H. antonii against three types of insecticides. The research was conducted at Green House of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. Collection of field population and interview of insecticides use was conducted at cacao plantation in Bogor, Ciamis, and Sukabumi, West Java from August 2016 to June 2017. The insect used was 3rd instar which divided into two groups, laboratory and field populations. Insecticides used contained active ingredients of chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid). Cucumber was used as feed substitute for the multiplication of H. antonii test. The experiment was performed using five insecticide concentrations determined by preliminary test result. The relationships between insecticide concentration and insect mortality was analyzed by probit program. The interviews indicated that the insecticides widely used by farmers are pyrethroid type. The result demonstrated that field population of H. antonii from Bogor and Ciamis were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin with resistance ratio (RR) of 4.2 and 10.8, respectively, whereas population from Sukabumi had RR value of 1.2. All field population of H. antonii showed resistance indication against thiamethoxam with RR ranged from 1.8 to 3.1. Resistance indication to chlorpyrifos was only shown by population from Bogor (RR 1.5).
Keywords
Insektisida sintetis, neonikotinoid; organofosfat; piretroid; resistensi insektisida, , Insecticide resistance; neonicotinoid; organophosphate; pyrethroid; synthetic insecticides,