Strategi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lahan untuk Pencapaian Swasembada Beras Berkelanjutan
No Thumbnail Available
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development
Abstract
Description
Abstrak. Lahan pertanian eksisting penghasil bahan pangan terutama sawah dan lahan kering menjadi tumpuan harapan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan 258,7 juta jiwa penduduk pada tahun 2017. Usaha pencapaian swasembada berkelanjutan dihadapkan pada (i) peningkatan jumlah penduduk sekitar 3,4 juta jiwa setiap tahun, (ii) konversi lahan sawah ke non pertanian dengan laju sekitar 96.500 ha tahun-1, sementara laju perluasan lahan sawah hanya sekitar 20.000-30.000 ha tahun-1, dan (iii) perubahan iklim global yang menyebabkan peningkatan intensitas dan frekuensi kejadian iklim ekstrim berupa kekeringan, kebanjiran, longsor, yang selanjutnya meningkatkan intensitas serangan hama/penyakit tanaman. Upaya dan strategi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diantaranya melalui, pertama, intensifikasi dengan inovasi teknologi pada 4 juta ha sawah irigasi teknis, 4,1 juta ha lahan sawah sub-optimal (tadah hujan, irigasi sederhana, sawah rawa) melalui perbaikan saluran irigasi dan sistem drainase, pemupukan berimbang, pengembangan varietas unggul, dan peningkatan Indeks Panen dari 1 menjadi 1,5. Kedua, pengendalian konversi lahan melalui kesepakatan berbagai pemangku kepentingan, kerjasama lintas kementerian/ lembaga serta antara pemerintah dengan swasta dan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan bahaya konversi lahan terhadap ketahanan pangan, kestabilan sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Ketiga,perluasan areal tanam di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit muda (5,1 juta ha) dan karet (0,54 juta ha), serta pada perkebunan kelapa (2,15 juta ha). Tersedia varietas toleran naungan untuk padi gogo, jagung dan kedelai untuk mendukung usaha ini. Keempat, perluasan areal pertanian baru untuk tanaman pangan pada lahan potensial di lahan rawa (pasang surut, lebak, dan gambut) dan pada lahan basah non rawa untuk sawah irigasi dan tadah hujan, serta di lahan kering dengan lereng < 15% untuk tegalan. Keempat pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat mewujudkan swasembada pangan secara berkelanjutan.Abstract. Existing agricultural land for food crops, especially paddy fields and upland, is a very essential element for fulfilling the needs of food for258.7 million people in 2017. The efforts to achieve permanent self-sufficiency are challenged by (i) an increase in the population of approximately 3.4 million people each year, (ii) conversion of paddy field to non-agricultural land at a rate of about 96,500 ha year-1, while the rate of paddy field expansion is only about 20,000-30,000 ha year-1, and (iii) global climate change which causes the increase in intensity and frequency of extreme climatic events in the forms of droughts, floods, landslides, that in turns increase the incident of pest/disease attacks. Efforts and strategies are required to overcome them through first, intensification by applying technological innovations on 4 million ha of existing fully irrigated rice fields, 4.1 million ha of sub-optimal rice fields (rainfed, simple irrigation, swampland) with improved irrigation and drainage systems, balanced fertilization, improved varieties, and increased Harvesting Index from 1 to 1.5. Second, control of land conversion by establishing multi-stakeholder agreements, cooperation among related ministerials/institutionals, local governments, private sectors and communities to raise awareness of the risk of land conversion to food security, social, economic and political stability.Third, expansion of rice farming areas into young oil palm (5.1 million ha), rubber (0.54 million ha), as well as on coconut (2.15 million ha) plantations. Shade tolerant varieties are now available for upland rice, maize and soybeans to support this effort. Fourth, expansion of new agricultural areas for food crops on potential lands in swamp land (tidal swamp lands, fresh water swamp land and peat land), as well as on non swamp wetlands for irrigated and rain-fed rice fields, and on upland with slopes of <15% for annual upland crops. These four approaches are believed to enable achievement of sustainable food self-sufficiency.
Keywords
agriculture, soil, Swasembada Pangan; Sawah Eksisting; Ketersediaan Lahan; Peningkatan Produksi; Food Self-Sufficiency; Exsisting Paddy Field; Available Land; Production Increase, Mineral Soil, Peat