Perbaikan Ketahanan Abaka Terhadap Fusarium dan Prospek Pengembangannya
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Date
2015-11-19
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Puslitbang Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKPerbaikan genetik klon abaka melalui hibridisasi relatif sulit dilakukan karena sempitnya keragaman genetik tanaman tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan abaka diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Sebagai alternatif, peningkatan keragaman genetik tanaman abaka dapat dilakukan dengan mutasi dan induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur in vitro. Untuk mengidentifikasi mutan atau varian dengan karakter unggul tertentu, perlu dilanjutkan dengan seleksi in vitro. Mutasi dengan menggunakan mutagen kimia Etil Metan Sulfonat (EMS) yang dilanjutkan dengan seleksi in vitro telah menghasilkan varian-varian abaka yang resisten terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc). Pengembangan klon abaka resisten terhadap Foc dapat mengurangi biaya produksi sehingga akan meningkatkan keuntungan petani atau pengusaha dalam pengembangan agribisnis abaka di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Musa textilis Nee., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, seleksi in-vitro ABSTRACTImprovement of Abaca Resistance to Fusarium and its Development ProspectGenetic improvement of abaca clones through hybridization is relatively difficult due to the narrow genetic variability of this crop. The narrow genetic variability of abaca caused by its propagated vegetatively. Alternatively, genetic improvement of abaca could be conducted by mutation and somaclonal variation inductions through in vitro culture. To identify mutants or variants with certain superior character, it is necessary continued with in vitro selection. Mutation of abaca which was conducted using chemical mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) followed by in vitro selection has resulted in resistant variants to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc). Cultivation of the abaca variants resistant to Foc will decrease total production cost and of crease farmers’ profit in abaca agribusiness in Indonesia.Key words: Musa textilis Nee, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, in-vitro selection