Varietas Padi dan Emisi Gas Metan

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dc.contributor.authorSetyanto, Prihasto
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-20T14:20:58Z
dc.date.available2026-09-20T14:20:58Z
dc.date.issued2009-07-24
dc.description10 p.; tab.
dc.description.abstractAbstrak Setelah sidang Conference of Parties (COP) ke-13 di Bali mengenai perubahan iklim, masyarakat Indonesia mulai terbuka untuk melihat dampak yang ditimbulkan dari perubahan iklim. Indonesia sebagai negara yang berada di wilayah tropis sangat rentan terhadap setiap gejala perubahan iklim. Kejadian-kejadian yang terkait dengan iklim seperti air pasang tinggi yang melanda wilayah barat Sumatera dan wilayah selatan pulau Jawa di tahun 2008, disinyalir sebagai akibat dari iklim yang mulai berubah. perubahan iklim disebabkan pemanasan global, sedangkan pemanasan global itu sendiri disebabkan Oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfir akibat pengaruh manusia (Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission). Gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfir akan memantulkan kembali sinar infra merah (sinar yang memiliki efek panas) yang dipancarkan permukaan bumi. Semakin tinggi kandungan gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfir, semakin banyak sinar infra merah yang dipantulkan kembali sehingga Suhu di bumi menjadi lebih panas. Berbagai model sirkuiasi global (Global Ciirculation Mode//GCM) saat ini mernprediksi kenaikan Suhu burni akibat menumpuknya gas.gas tersebut mencapai 2-40C dalam kurun Waktu 100 tahun. Ada tiga gas rumah kaca (GRK) utama dari lahan pertanian yaitu karbondioksida (CO2), metan (CH4) dan dinitrogen oksida (N2O). Dalam rencana aksi nasional perubahan iklim (RAN Pl) terdapat 2 strategi utama menghadapi perubahan iklim untuk sektor pertanian yaitu strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi. Dalam strategi adaptasi diharapkan semua sektor kehidupan manusia harus belajar melakukan penyesuaian terhadap iklim yang berubah, sedangkan dalam strategi mitigasi diupayakan untuk menekan sumber.surnber gas rumah kaca (CRK) yang mempercepat pernanasan global sehingga laju perubahan iklim dapat dihambat. Tulisan ini merupakan review dari berbagai kajian mengenai mitigasi emisi gas CH4 melalui varietas padi karena tanaman padi memegang peran penting dalam melepaskan CH4 dari lahan sawah Kurang lebih 90% CH4 yang dilepas dari lahan sawah dipancarkan melalui tanaman padi dan sisanya melalui gelembung air (ebullition). Ruang udara pada pembuluh aerenkima yang terdapat pada daun, batang dan akar yang berkembang dengan baik bertindak sebagai cerobong (chimney) untuk pertukaran gas hasil dekomposisi bahan organik secara anaerobik dalam tanah. Ada empat faktor tanaman ulama yang 552 Puli Gas M menyebabkan perbedaan dalam melepaskan gas CH, dari tanaman padi yaitu: (l) perbedaan dalam menghasilkan eksudat akar, (2) perbedaan dalam jumlah anakan, (3) perbedaan kapasitas pengoksidasi akar, dan (4) perbedaan umur tanaman. Selain memiliki daya hasil tinggi dan tahan terhadap cekarnan lingkungan serta hama penyakit, diharapkan juga ke depan ditemukan varietas padi yang dapat menekan laju emisi CH4 dari lahan sawah Abstract The Rice Varieties and the Emission of Methane. After the 1 3th Conference of Parties on Climate Change conducted in Bali, the Indonesian people started to realize the impact of the climate changes. As a country that attach to the tropical zone, Indonesia is vulnerable to every change in climate. Many disasters that are related to climate events such as the rise of the see water level in the west coast of Sumatra and in the south coast of Java occurred in early of 2008 indicated that the global climate systems are changing. Climate change was caused by global warming, and the global warming itself was caused by the increase of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG's) concentration in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases could reflect back the infrared radiation (light ray that have a warming effect) emitted by the earth surface. The more concentration of GHG's in the atmosphere, the more infrared radiation is sent back to the earth surface. The impact of it was the global earth temperature be- comes warmer. Many global circulation models (GCM) predicted that the increase of air temperature due to the increase in GHGs concentration in the atmosphere could reached 2-4øCwithin 100 years. There are three most known GHGs emitted from the agricultural sector, i.e. carbon dioxide (C02), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The national action plans on climate change suggested two strategies in coping with climate change, they are (1) adaptation and (2) mitigation. In adaptation strategy, one could hope that all sectors involve in human activities should adjust themselves to the changing climate, and mitigation strategies are to suppress all sources of GHG's that enhance global warming. This paper is a review on aspects of CH4 mitigation from rice field with the approach of using rice cultivars. It has been reported that at least 90% of CH4 was emitted through rice plant and the rest was emitted through soil ebullition. Air spaces in the aerenchyme that are found in developed leaves, stem, and roots act as a chimney to transfer CH4 gas produced in the rhizosphere to the atmosphere. There are four main factors involved in the different of the rice plant in transferring CH4 they are (1) the different in root exudates production, (2) the different in numbers of tillers, (3) the different in root oxidizing power, and (4) the different in the growth duration. Besides having high yield characters, the ability to survive in Seminat 551 a number of environmental stresses (drought, salinity, etc.), and stand against pests and diseases infestation, the rice varieties are also expected to be able to mitigate CH4 from the rice field.
dc.identifier.isbn978-979-540-044-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/32786
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherBalai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
dc.titleVarietas Padi dan Emisi Gas Metan
dc.title.alternativeInovasi Teknologi Padi Mengantisipasi Perubahan Iklim Global Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan. Buku 2. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Padi 2008
dc.typeArticle
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