Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Cadangan Karbon pada Perkebunan Kopi Organik dan Konvensional di Kabupaten Badung, Bali
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Kopi merupakan komoditas penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Budidaya kopi saat ini dihadapkan pada ancaman perubahan iklim akibat peningkatan suhu rata-rata permukaan bumi. Perkebunan organik dinilai dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman, menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), dan meningkatkan serapan karbon secara efektif dibanding perkebunan konvensional. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengestimasi emisi GRK dan cadangan karbon pada perkebunan kopi organik dan konvensional di Kabupeten Badung, Provinsi Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali, dan analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, pada bulan Juli 2018. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan cara pengambilan contoh menggunakan metode purposive sampling di perkebunan kopi yang dikelola secara organik dan konvensional. Pengukuran emisi GRK dilakukan dengan metode close chamber, sedangkan pengukuran cadangan karbon dilakukan dengan metode non destructive untuk biomassa tanaman kopi dan penaung, dan destructive untuk biomassa tanaman bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan kopi organik dan konvensional masing-masing mengemisikan GRK 20,71 dan 39,75 ton CO2e/ha, serta menyimpan karbon 248,27 dan 288,31 ton CO2e/ha. Perbedaan emisi dan cadangan karbon antara lain disebabkan oleh perbedaan cara pengelolaan dan keragaman jenis tanaman. Peningkatan perbaikan sistem pengelolaan perkebunan kopi organik perlu diupayakan untuk mendukung penanganan dampak perubahan iklim di Provinsi Bali.
Coffee is a commodity that has an important role in the national economy. Currently, coffee cultivation is threatened by climate change caused by global warming due to increased green house gas (GHG) emissions. The organic plantation model is a farming model that is considered to increase soil and crop productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and increase carbon sequestration effectively. The study was aimed to estimate GHG emissions and carbon stocks in organic and conventional coffee plantations in Badung Regency, Bali Province and Laboratory in Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Pati, Jawa Tengah Province, in July 2018. The study was conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Badung Regency and the analysis was carried out at Laboratory of Indonesian Agricultural Environtment Research Institute. This study used a survey method, while the sampling used a purposive sampling method in organic and conventional coffee plantation. GHG emissions measurement was carried out with a close chamber method by simultaneously the carbon stocks measurement was carried out with the non-destructive method for plant biomass and destructive for understorey. The results showed that organic and conventional coffee plantations emitted GHG by 20.71 and 39.75 ton CO2e ha-1 and stored carbon stock by 227.56 and 288.31 ton CO2e ha-1, respectively. The differences in GHG emissions and carbon stocks are partly due to differences in management system and the diversity of plant. The management system of the organic coffee plantation should be improved to support handling of the impacts of climate change in Bali Province.
Coffee is a commodity that has an important role in the national economy. Currently, coffee cultivation is threatened by climate change caused by global warming due to increased green house gas (GHG) emissions. The organic plantation model is a farming model that is considered to increase soil and crop productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and increase carbon sequestration effectively. The study was aimed to estimate GHG emissions and carbon stocks in organic and conventional coffee plantations in Badung Regency, Bali Province and Laboratory in Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Pati, Jawa Tengah Province, in July 2018. The study was conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Badung Regency and the analysis was carried out at Laboratory of Indonesian Agricultural Environtment Research Institute. This study used a survey method, while the sampling used a purposive sampling method in organic and conventional coffee plantation. GHG emissions measurement was carried out with a close chamber method by simultaneously the carbon stocks measurement was carried out with the non-destructive method for plant biomass and destructive for understorey. The results showed that organic and conventional coffee plantations emitted GHG by 20.71 and 39.75 ton CO2e ha-1 and stored carbon stock by 227.56 and 288.31 ton CO2e ha-1, respectively. The differences in GHG emissions and carbon stocks are partly due to differences in management system and the diversity of plant. The management system of the organic coffee plantation should be improved to support handling of the impacts of climate change in Bali Province.
Keywords
Cadangan karbon; emisi gas rumah kaca; perkebunan kopi konvensional; perkebunan kopi organik, , Carbon stock; conventional coffee plantation; greenhouse gas emission; organic coffee plantation,