Pengaruh Jenis dan Perbandingan Pelarut terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Mawar
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis dan perbandingan pelarut yang tepat dalam upaya mendapatkan rendemen concrete dan minyak mawar berkadar tinggi dengan mutu prima. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Pasarminggu, Jakarta. Mawar American Beauty, diekstraksi dengan jenis pelarut (heksan, petroleum eter, dan metil isobutil keton) dengan perbandingan bunga dan pelarut (1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3) selama 12 jam. Pengambilan filtrat melalui penyaringan dan pemerasan. Ekstrak dievaporasi vakum untuk mendapatkan concrete. Concrete yang diperoleh dilarutkan dengan etanol 96% dan diuapkan kembali untuk mendapatkan minyak mawar (absolut). Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen concrete dan absolut, indeks bias, dan komponen penyusun minyak. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian terbaik menunjukkan bahwa rendemen concrete dan rendemen absolut pada jenis pelarut metil isobutil keton dengan perbandingan bunga dan pelarut 1:3, masing-masing 1,35 dan 0,74%. Mutu minyak mawar yang dihasilkan mempunyai indeks bias 1,49 dan mengandung komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dengan 6 komponen sudah diidentifikasi, yaitu fenil etil alkohol, citronellol, geraniol, metil eugenol, α-pinena, dan β–pinena.ABSTRACT. Amiarsi, D., Yulianingsih, and Sabari S.D. 2006. The effect of kinds and composition of solvent on the yield of rose essential oil. The objective of the study was to find out the best kind and composition of solvent for extraction of rose essential oil with good quality and quantity of concrete and absolute. The treatments were extraction by dipping flower in 3 kinds of solvent (hexane, petroleum ether, andisobuthyl ketone) with composition of flower-solvent (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) for 12 hours. Solution was separated by filtering and manual pressing. Extract was vacuum evaporated to produce concrete. Concrete was dissolved in ethanol 96% and vacuum evaporated to get absolute rose essential oil. Observations were done on the yield of concrete and absolute, refraction index of absolute, and the composition of essential oil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results indicated that the highest concrete and absolute rendement was obtained by methyl isobuthyl ketone solvent with composition of 1:3 flower-solvent, i.e. 1.35% and 0.74% respectively. Rose essential oil showed good quality with refraction index of 1.49 and 6 component of essential oil were identified, i.e. fenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, methyl eugenol, α-pinena, and β–pinena.
Keywords
Rose flower; Rose oil; Extraction; Quality.