Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro dan Penyakit Virus Tanaman Padi Lainnya
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Date
2008-06-01
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Penyakit virus, khususnya tungro, merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam usaha peningkatan produksi padi nasional. Artikel ini mengulas dinamika serta strategi pengendalian penyakit tungro dan penyakit virus penting lainnya pada tanaman padi, seperti penyakit kerdil rumput dan kerdil hampa. Penyakit tungro yang disebabkan oleh komplikasi infeksi Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) dan Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) ditularkan secara semipersisten oleh vektor wereng hijau (Nephotettix virescens). Efektivitas pengendalian sangat bergantung pada pendekatan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang menggabungkan berbagai komponen teknis secara berkesinambungan. Strategi utama mencakup penggunaan varietas unggul tahan virus maupun vektor, pengaturan pola tanam serentak untuk memutus siklus hidup vektor, pemantauan populasi wereng hijau secara berkala, eradikasi tanaman terserang sebagai sumber inokulum, serta pemanfaatan agens hayati dan insektisida secara bijaksana. Implementasi komprehensif dari strategi terpadu ini terbukti mampu menekan laju epidemi penyakit virus dan menjaga stabilitas produktivitas padi.
Abstract
Rice tungro disease and other plant viral infections pose significant threats to global rice production, often leading to severe yield losses and economic damage for farmers. Tungro disease is caused by a dual infection of two distinct viruses—Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV)—which are primarily transmitted by the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens). Infected plants typically exhibit characteristic symptoms, including leaf yellowing to orange discoloration, severe stunting, reduced tillering, and delayed flowering. This article reviews comprehensive strategies for managing tungro and other major rice viral diseases through Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Key control measures include the cultivation of resistant rice varieties, synchronous planting, crop rotation, eradication of infected plants to remove inoculum sources, dynamic vector population control, and the deployment of biological agents or botanical deterrents (such as Andrographis paniculata extract). Chemical insecticides are recommended only as a targeted, secondary measure based on vector threshold monitoring. Adopting an integrated, environmentally friendly control approach effectively suppresses viral transmission while minimizing chemical dependence and maintaining agricultural sustainability.
Description
26 p.; ills.; tab.