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Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian
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Abstrak. Air merupakan unsur utama yang diperlukan dalam budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit terutama di tanah yang mempunyai tekstur berpasir karena memiliki pengaruh secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan pengaruh pemberian bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida terhadap retensi air, kadar hara tanah, dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit yang ditanam di dalam media tanah Typic Udipsamment. Sebanyak 107-109 cfu inokulan Burkholderia cenocepacia KTG diinokulasikan pada bibit kelapa sawit umur tiga bulan di dalam polibag serta dilanjutkan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK-Mg dengan dosis 50-75% dari dosis anjuran. Pengamatan retensi air, dilakukan selama enam bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Burkholderia cenocepacia KTG dapat meningkatkan 11,2-61,6% retensi air tanah di dalam media tanam sehingga berdampak pula pada efisiensi penggunaan dosis pupuk. Serapan N, P, dan K pada daun bibit kelapa sawit tergolong tinggi sedangkan Mg tergolong optimum pada perlakuan ini. Pemberian 75% dari dosis anjuran pupuk NPK-Mg dan 109 cfu Burkholderia cenocepacia KTG bibit-1 menghasilkan bobot kering yang lebih tinggi pada bibit kelapa sawit umur enam bulan masing-masing 1,9% (daun), 10,5% (pelepah), 17,2% (batang), dan 23,2% (akar) jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian 100% dosis anjuran pupuk an-organik. Abstract. Water is an important constituent of a sandy and other types of marginal soil and it has direct impact on growth, particularly of water-sensitive crops such as oil palm. This study was conducted to determine the effects of exo-polysaccharide-producing bacteria on water retention, soil nutrients and the growth performance of oil palm seedlings on a Typic Udipsamment soil. Inoculation of the 107-109 colony forming units (cfu) of Burkholderia cenocepacia KTG in combination with 50-75% standard dosage of NPK-Mg fertilizers was made to a three-months old oil palm seedlings in polybags. The observation of water retention, soil nutrient, and oil palm seedlings growth was carried out for six months. Result indicates that the bacteria is capable of improving water retention of the soil used in this experiment (11.2 – 61.6%) and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. The N, P, and K nutrient absorptions of the leaves were high while the Mg content was optimum under this treatment. Plant biomass of a six-months old oil palm seedlings was higher 1.9% (leaf), 10.5% (frond), 17.2% (stem), and 23.2% (root) by application of 75% standard dosage NPK-Mg and 109 cfu Burkholderia cenocepacia KTG seed-1 than those applied by 100% standard dosage of NPK-Mg fertilizer.
Keywords
, , , Agriculture; Soil science;, Tanah berpasir; Eksopolisakarida; Pupuk; Hara makro; Kelapa sawit;, Soil Fertility;