Ekologi Tikus Sawah dan Teknologi Pengendaliannya
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Date
2008-06-01
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Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi
Abstract
Abstrak
Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer) merupakan salah satu hama utama yang menimbulkan kerusakan signifikan serta penurunan hasil produksi tanaman padi secara masif. Penanganan yang tidak optimal sering kali disebabkan oleh pemahaman yang minim mengenai bioekologi tikus serta tindakan pengendalian yang terlambat. Artikel ini mengulas tentang ekologi tikus sawah—meliputi perilaku reproduksi, pola aktivitas, dan dinamika populasi—serta implementasi Pengendalian Hama Tikus Terpadu (PHTT). Strategi PHTT menekankan pada tindakan pencegahan dini yang berkelanjutan dan terkoordinasi dalam skala hamparan. Berbagai teknologi pengendalian dievaluasi, antara lain sanitasi habitat, tanam serempak, gropyokan massal, fumigasi sarang, hingga penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan seperti Trap Barrier System (TBS), Linear Trap Barrier System (LTBS), dan pemanfaatan musuh alami (misalnya burung hantu Tyto alba). Pengintegrasian pemahaman ekologi dengan teknologi pengendalian berbasis PHTT terbukti efektif menekan populasi tikus sawah di bawah ambang kerugian ekonomi sekaligus mendukung keberlanjutan sistem pertanian.
Abstract
The rice field rat (Rattus argentiventer) is a major pest causing significant crop damage and substantial yield losses in rice production. Ineffective pest management often stems from a limited understanding of the rat's bio-ecology and delayed control interventions. This article reviews the ecology of the rice field rat—including its reproductive behavior, activity patterns, and population dynamics—alongside the implementation of Integrated Rodent Management (IRM). The IRM strategy emphasizes early, continuous, and community-based preventative actions across large-scale areas. Various control technologies are evaluated, including habitat sanitation, synchronized planting, mass hunting, burrow fumigation, and eco-friendly technologies such as the Trap Barrier System (TBS), Linear Trap Barrier System (LTBS), and the use of natural predators like the barn owl (Tyto alba). Integrating ecological insights with IRM-based control technologies effectively maintains rat populations below economic threshold levels while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Description
28 p.; ills.; tab.