Perbaikan Produksi Jamur Tiram dengan Modifikasi Bahan Baku Utama Media Bibit
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Date
2006-06-14
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
Abstract
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Faktor budidaya jamur tiram yang terpenting adalah aplikasi media bibit induk yang berkualitas. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Ekofisiologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan September 2003 sampai Maret 2004.Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan jenis bahan baku media bibit jamur tiram dan lama waktu perebusan yang terbaik sebelum disusun sebagai formula media bibit. Kriteria kualitas media bibit dinyatakan dalam satuan waktu, yaitu kecepatan waktu awal dan waktu akhir miselium tumbuh memenuhi botol wadah media bibit. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan RAK pola faktorial dengan 2 ulangan. Faktor pertama lama waktu perebusan awal bahan baku. Faktor kedua jenis bahan baku utama media terdiri atas 21 jenis. Formula media bibit induk juga menggunakan standar formula petani. Bibit jamur tiram menggunakan spesies Pleurotus ostreatus strain Florida dari Applied Plant Research, Belanda. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hampir semua jenis bahan baku yang dicoba dapat digunakan sebagai media bibit kecuali biji oat. Bahan baku utama media bibit induk jamur tiram yang terbaik adalah millet + SKG 1:1, yaitu menghasilkan koloni miselium yang kompak, berwarna putih bersih, dan pertumbuhannya konsisten. Bahan baku SKG, beras merah, dan millet tidak perlu direbus, sedangkan oat, wheat, jali lokal tidak dikupas, jali impor, kacang merah, dan kacang hijau perlu direbus selama 15-30 menit.The very important step in oyster mushrooms cultivation is application of high quality of spawn media. The study was conducted at Ecophysiology Lab. Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute in Lembang (1,250 m asl) from September 2003 to March 2004. The goals of this experiment were to get proper kinds of raw materials for spawn media, and the duration of media sterilization. Criteria of good raw materials for spawn media is expressed in minimum total days needed for the growth of mycelium to cover the spawn media (full colonization). A randomized block design with a factorial pattern was set up. The first factor was duration of sterilization by boiling of main raw materials for 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes, respectively. The second factor was 21kinds of raw materials including formula for spawn media used by farmers. All treatment combinations were replicated 2 times. Oyster mushroom species used in the experiment was white Pleurotus ostreatus strain Florida from Applied Plant Research, Netherlands. Research results revealed that in general almost all kinds of raw materials and their combinations were suitable for spawn media of oyster mushroom, except oat grains. The best raw material for spawn media was millet grains+sawdust 1:1. This combination gave the highest quality of mycelium performance with compact colonization, consistent growth, and very clean-white mycelium. Sawdust, red rice, and millet were the best spawn media and can be used directly, while oat, wheat, local jali, imported jali, red bean, and mungbean can be used through 15-30 minutes sterilization.