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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKPenggunaan insektisida kimia untuk pengendalian serangga menimbulkan dampak negatif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Nematoda patogen serangga dan pestisida nabati minyak biji jarak pagar (MBJP) memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan sebagai agensia pengendali Spodoptera litura F. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek kombinasi antara nematoda patogen serangga Steinernema sp. dan pestisida nabati MBJP terhadap mortalitas dan efek lanjutan larva S. litura. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2012, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrasi MBJP yang digunakan adalah 2,5 ; 5 ; 10 dan 20 ml/l, kontrol air, serta kontrol air + 1 g deterjen. Konsentrasi Steinernema sp. adalah 0, 200, 400, dan 800 JI (juvenil infektif)/ml. Nematoda Steinernema sp. dimasukkan ke dalam larutan pada saat aplikasi larva S. litura sebanyak 25 larva instar dua tiap perlakuan. Jumlah larva yang mati diamati pada 24, 48, 72, 96, dan 120 jam setelah penyemprotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi konsentrasi antara MBJP dan Steinernema sp. yang menghasilkan mortalitas larva S. litura tertinggi adalah 10 ml/l dan 400 JI/l atau 2,5 ml/l dan 800 JI/l. Efek lanjut MBJP mengakibatkan kerusakan pada fase prapupa dan pupa, yaitu menjadi cacat serta penurunan jumlah telur dan kemampuan telur menetas. Kenaikan konsentrasi MBJP dari 2,5 ke 20 ml/l mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan penetasan telur dari 76,29 menjadi 32,37%.Kata kunci: Steinernema sp., Jatropha curcas, Spodoptera lituraSinergism between Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema sp. and Physic Nut Oil (Jatropha curcas L.) against Mortality and Continuous Effect ofSpodoptera litura F. Larvae ABSTRACTThe use of chemical insecticides to control pests causes various negative impacts. Thus, environmentally friendly methods of control are much in need recently. The combination of entomopathogenic nematodes and botanical insecticides based on physic nut oil (PNO) has opened up new possibilities of promising control methods against Spodoptera litura F. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combination effect between botanical insecticides PNO and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. on S. litura. The research was conducted at the laboratory of Entomology Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute from March to June 2012. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with factorial pattern, replicated four times. The concentrations of PNO were 2,5; 5; 10, and 20 ml/l, control water and control water + 1 g detergent. Concentration of Steinernema sp. were 0,200, 400, and 800 IJ (infective juvenile)/ml. Nematodes were added simultaneously after application of PNO. Insect larvae were exposed to various concentrations of Steinernema sp. and PNO. Numbers of dead larvae were observed at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours after spraying. The result showed that the concentration combination between PNO and nematode which resulted maximum larvae mortality is 10 ml/l and 400 IJ/ml or 2,5 ml/l and 800 IJ/ml. The impacts of PNO were disabled prepupa and pupa, decrease of eggs number and hatching ability. The increase of concentration used from 2.5 to 20 ml/l resulted the decreased of hatching from 76.29 to 36.37%.Key words: Steinernema sp., Jatropha curcas, Spodoptera litura
Keywords
, Steinernema sp., Jatropha curcas, Spodoptera litura