Browsing by Author "Sigit Budi Santoso"

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    Conditioning Effects on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize Seed (Zea mays L.)
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Fauziah Koes,; Ramlah Arief; Sigit Budi Santoso
    Low seed vigor causes poor seedling emergence which later on create poor plant establishment and eventually reduce yield. Various seed invigoration have been extensively carried out to improve deteriorated seed vigor due to storage. Matriconditioning is advanced method that effectively increases seed vigor. This research was conducted at Indonesian Cereals Research Institute from July to September 2010, which aimed to evaluate the effect of matriconditioning treatments on physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize seed. The treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design, with three kind of matrix media i.e., straw, ash and sawdust. Seeds used were freshly-harvested and 6 months-storage and each treatment used three replications. Results shows that straw matrix gave the best value on seed germination (98%) and germination speed (30,69%) of freshlyharvested seeds. Whereas, stored seed gave significant result only in seed germination (91%). Shoot-root length ratio highest value was obtained in ash matrix media (1,18 cm), which correlate with the best treatment for root length (12.62 cm). Electrical conductivity observation proved that matriconditioning using straw matrix media gave the lowest conductance, thus confirmed its ability to improved seed vigor for both new and storage seed.
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    Microsatellite-Based Markers Selection to Improve Hybrid Maize Breeding
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Marcia B. Pabendon; Sigit Budi Santoso; Nuning Argo Subekti
    Information about genetic variability is fundamental in the development of hybrid varieties. Conventional breeding technologies are now supported by molecular tools to enhance the efficiency of hybrid breeding program. Microsatellite markers, for example, is able to detect co-dominant locus which is suitable to use in open pollinated crop such as maize. Results of characterization on a set of elite inbred lines via microsatellite-based markers at ICERI (Indonesian Cereals Research Institute) Molecular Biology, offers essential data for current works in hybrid breeding program. The Information on the level of homozygosity of eight sets of advanced inbred suggests that the level of homozygosity is varied from 2.6-40.0%. This means that a careful selection is required in deciding suitable inbred lines for further phase in hybrid breeding. The genetic diversity of the eight sets of elite inbred showed that there were four sets of inbred which have low degree of polymorphism. This indicated that genetic variability among the inbreds were narrow, where crosses between inbred of the same set should be avoided. Another result was the merging of two sets of elite inbred that own high yielding potential and acid soil tolerant, which provided information on the possibility of heterotic pairs available based on genetic distance values > 0.7. It was also found that, based on several research results, the use of microsatellites-based markers in the improvement of hybrid breeding programs would make the effort to be more focus and efficient.
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    Seed Yield and Quality of Three-Way Cross Hybrid Maize Production in South and Central Sulawesi of Indonesia
    (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 2013) Ramlah Arief; M. Azrai; Sigit Budi Santoso
    Production of hybrids seed is technically similar to production of a breeder’s seed of Open Pollinated Varieties. All agronomic management are carried out at each critical stage to maintain and preserve genetic purity and morphological homogeneity. Particularly in producing hybrids seed, carefully arrange nicking-time of both parent lines is essential. Research on the effect of three-way cross hybrid towards seed yield and quality was carried out at two sites in Labuan Toposo, Donggala, Central Sulawesi and in Al Qomar Farmers Group, Takalar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from August to December 2010. Treatments are differences of female single-cross (BIMA-5) planting days prior to male inbred line (MAL-01), i.e. 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days, with exception for Takalar site used 6 days instead of 5 days. Results shows that 3 days female planting gave the highest seed yield in Donggala (4,85 t ha-1) also in Takalar (3,04 t ha-1). Which mean 3 days is the best treatment to obtain full synchronization of flowering, thus gives optimum yield for this three-way cross hybrid. Seed quality evaluation was carried out at ICERI’s Seed Testing Laboratory, and the results shows that seed harvested from Donggala are more vigourus and viable. Also quality in term of electrical conductivity seed from Donggala have low conductance compared to Takalar site, which mean there was no leaching of seed organic substances thus seed are highly viable.