Browsing by Author "Risa, Antari"

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    A Growth Comparison of Ongole and European Cross Cattle kept by Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia
    (2022) Dicky, Pamungkas; Risa, Antari; D.E. Mayberry; D.P.Poppi
    Increasing beef production in Indonesia requires an increase in the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle fattening enterprises. In East Java, smallholder farmers keep many different breeds of cattle for growing and fattening prior to slaughter, but there is no published information available about how the different breeds of cattle perform under village conditions.The aim of this research was to compare the growth performance of three common breeds of beef cattle during the dry and wet seasons at the smallholder farmer level. The three breeds of cattle monitored were: PeranakanOngole (Bos indicus)(PO; 26 in dry season and 22 in wet season), Ongole-Simmentalcross(Bos indicus/Bos taurus)(SimX; 35 in dry season and 28 in wet season), and Ongole-Limousincross (Bos indicus/Bos taurus)(LimX; 30 in dry season and 22 in wet season). Cattle were aged 1 to 2.5 years, and were kept by smallholder farmers in Pasuruan and Malang districts, East Java, Indonesia. Weight, girth and body condition score (BCS, 1-5 scale) of cattle were measured over 10 weeks in the dry season (July to September 2010) and 12 weeks in the wet season (December 2010 to March 2011). In each season, weight was measured three times and girth and BCS were measured five times.The composition and quantity of feedsoffered to cattle were also recorded. Changes in weight, girth and BCS were analysed by General Linear Models using SPSS programversion14.In both seasons, average daily weight gain of SimX (0.4 kg/d)and LimX (0.4 kg/d)was higher than that of PO (0.1kg/d). There was no difference in average daily weight gain between SimX and LimX cattle in either season. BCS of cattle increased during the wet season by 5% from an average 3.2 out of 5. In the dry season BCS decreased from 3.9 by 9%.Nutritive value of feed is likely to be higher in the wet seasoncompared to the dry season.Growth of all cattle breeds was lower than expected in both seasons. This was probably due to the high proportion of poor quality feeds such as rice straw in the diets (as fed basis, 48% at dry season and 78% in wet season). These results highlight the large discrepancy between what is expected from research on research stations and what is achieved on farm, and indicates the huge potential for improvement in production with better diet formulation.
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    Pemanfaatan Tanaman Ubi Kayu dan Limbahnya secara Optimal sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia
    (WARTAZOA, 2009) Risa, Antari; Uum, Umiyasih
    Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi kekurangan pakan ternak adalah dengan menggunakan bahan pakan lokal. Ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima) merupakan tanaman tropis yang mudah tumbuh di segala kondisi tanah dan pada waktu musim panen harganya relatif murah. Kandungan nutrisi dalam ubi kayu terutama proteinnya sangat rendah, namun ubi kayu merupakan sumber energi yang cukup potensial. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian yang berkembang adalah optimasi pemanfaatan ubi kayu sebagai pakan melalui pengkayaan nilai nutrisi, antara lain dengan fermentasi ataupun produksi single cell protein atau disuplementasi dengan bahan pakan lain. Daun ubi kayu mengandung kadar protein yang cukup tinggi dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein. Namun, pemanfaatan ubi kayu dan limbahnya sering kali terkendala oleh adanya senyawa antinutrisi berupa asam sianida dan linamarin. Kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan perlakuan fisik, kimiawi maupun biologis sebagai upaya mendetoksifikasi senyawa antinutrisi tersebut. Penggunaan ubi kayu secara luas sebagai pakan ternak memerlukan strategi formulasi yang tepat agar diperoleh produktivitas ternak yang optimal.
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    Rice straw, cassava by-products and tree legumes provide enough energy and nitrogen for liveweight maintenance of Brahman (Bos indicus) cows in Indonesia
    (Csiro Publishing, 2014) Risa, Antari; G. P. Ningrum; D. E. Mayberry; Dicky, Pamungkas; S. P. Quigley; D. P. Poppi; Animal Production Science
    The aim of this experiment was to test the effectiveness of two diets in increasing liveweight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) of Brahman cows in Indonesia. Diets were based on rice straw, with additional energy and nitrogen (N) provided in the form of onggok (a cassava by-product) plus urea or a tree legume. Thirty mature, non-pregnant, non-actating Brahman crossbred cows (288 kg LW, BCS 2/5) were allocated to one of two treatment groups. Cows were kept in individual pens for 21 weeks and offered one of two diets; (1) urea-supplemented rice straw ad libitum plus 10 g onggok DM/kg LW.day, or (2) untreated rice straw ad libitum plus 5 g onggok DM/kg LW.day and 5 g Gliricidia sepium DM/kg LW.day. The urea supplement provided no advantages over using locally available N sources such as gliricidia, with both supplement types meeting the rumen-degradable N requirements of the cows. Cows on both diets gained weight at a similar rate (0.19 kg/day) for the first 15 weeks of the experiment. Liveweight gain in Weeks 16–21 was only 0.04 kg/day, despite an increase in total feed intake and energy content of the diets compared with Weeks 1–15. Liveweight of cows stabilised during Weeks 16–21 at 304 kg, BCS 2.2. While our results demonstrate that Brahman cows can maintain LW on rice straw-based diets, they may not be able to maintain a BCS sufficient for good reproduction rates (i.e. BCS 3 or higher on 1–5 scale). Better quality diets containing higher levels of energy are required for cows to gain and maintain a suitable BCS.