Browsing by Author "Rais, Sri Astuti"

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    Eksplorasi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
    (Sekretariat Komisi Nasional Plasma Nutfah, 2004) Rais, Sri Astuti; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
    Kalimantan Barat mempunyai iklim hutan tropis dengan curah hujan di atas 3600 mm. Dari 11,6 juta ha lahan yang berpotensi untuk tanaman pangan, baru dimanfaatkan 1,03 juta ha. Dari seluas 235.395 ha areal intensifikasi padi, 58,3% di antaranya telah ditanami varietas unggul dan sisanya varietas lokal. Varietas-varietas lokal yang ditanam penduduk mempunyai karakteristik spesifik, merupakan kebanggaan warga yang turun temurun dipertahankan oleh sukunya. Masih banyak jumlahnya kultivar lokal yang ditanam oleh penduduk suku-suku dayak di pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Eksplorasi tanaman pangan bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan plasma nutfah padi dan palawija untuk dikonservasi, diberdayakan, dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber gen, untuk perbaikan sifat ketahanan dan toleransi terhadap hama dan penyakit dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Hasil eksplorasi dari 7 kabupaten telah terkumpul sejumlah 191 aksesi plasma nutfah tanaman pangan, yaitu sebanyak 129 aksesi padi terdiri dari 69 aksesi padi sawah, 31 aksesi padi ladang dan 29 aksesi padi pasang surut. Sebanyak 62 plasma nutfah palawija terdiri dari 3 aksesi jagung, 11 aksesi ubi kayu, 17 aksesi ubi jalar, 6 aksesi kacang tanah, 1 aksesi kacang hijau, 6 aksesi ubi kelapa/ krimbang, 15 aksesi talas, 2 aksesi kacang tunggak dan 1 aksesi jewawut.
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    Perbaikan Varietas Kacang Tanah
    (Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan, 1997) Rais, Sri Astuti; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
    Improvement of Groundnut Varieties. S.A. Rais. The demand of groundnut is increasing due to the development of home industry and population growth. The superior high yielding varieties will able to increase farmers income. In general there are two kind of groundnut planted namely lowland after rice and dryland. In dryland it can be monoculture or multiple cropping. The main problem for both area are leaf spot and rust deseases, while in dryland water insufficient and weed as well. The competition of light intensity and nutrient would be happened in multiple cropping system. The field experiment of 10-20 breeding lines had been done in several location (West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, and Lampung) with randomized block design and 3 replications, since 1986. The experiment resulted that 4 breeding lines was good for lowland after rice, 1 line was good for dryland, 2 varieties and 1 breeding line was good for multiple cropping. During the periode of 1983-1993 the institute had been released 15 superior varieties of groundnut.
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    Plasma Nutfah sebagai Sumber Gen untuk Menunjang Perbaikan Sifat dalam Perakitan Varietas Kacang Tanah
    (BB Biogen, 2004) Rais, Sri Astuti; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
    Germplasm as a Source for Developing New Elite Varieties of Groundnut. Sri Astuti Rais. Germplasm is one of the important resource, other than soil, water and air, that must be kept to conserved. It contain a lot of valuables traits that will be very useful for facilitating plant improvement. A high variability inside of this germplasm can be used for developing new varieties which have a specific character in its own such as tolerance to disease, tolerance to aluminum toxicity, drought tolerance, tolerance to shading, variety which has short-day maturity and high nutritional quality. Until 2002, gene bank of ICABIOGRAD-Bogor, already conserve 1146 accessions of groundnut. It consist of 176 accessions of introduced varieties, 374 accessions of local varieties, 2 accessions of wild species, and 565 accessions of breedinglines derived from breeding population conducted in Bogor and Sukamandi. Evaluation of groundnut germplasm has been conducted in Bogor and RILET-Malang, and the results showed that 20 accessions are tolerance to acid soil, 30 accessions are drought tolerance, 26 accessions are tolerance to shading, 18 accessions have a short-day maturity, 51 accessions are tolerance to Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum), 43 accessions are tolerance to Rust disease (Puccinia arachidis), 25 accessions are tolerance to Leaf spot (Cercospora sp), 31 accessions have protein content 32-34%, and 25 accessions have a high oil content (more than 45%). These selected germplasm can be recommended to be used as a parents for groundnut breeding program in Indonesia.