Browsing by Author "N. Kurniawati"

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    Keefektifan Pestisida Nabati dan Insektisida Sintetik Terhadap Keong Mas dan Penggerek Batang Padi Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Fauna Air
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009-07-24) N. Kurniawati; Hidayat, Wahyu; Suharto, Hendarsih
    Abstrak Pestisida nabati yang mengandung persenyawaan saponin, biji teh (Camellia sinensis), limbah teh, dan rerak (Sapmdicus rarak) efektif terhadap keong mas (Pornacea canaliculata L). Lebih jauh untuk mengetahui efektifitas terhadap keong mas dan daya racun terhadap fauna air dari pestisida nabati dibandingkan dengan insektisida sintetik dilakukan percobaan lapang di Karawang dan di Sukarnandi pada tahun 2006. Perlakuan terdiri dari Saponin konsentrasi YI, biji teh 0, I VI, limbah teh 10 g/l, rerak 05 g/l, dimehipo I,2 g bahan aktif (ba)/l, kartap 0.25 g bal l, karbosulfan 0,4 g ba/l, bensultaf 0,1 g ba/l dan fipronil 0,05 g ba/l dan kontrol Pestisida nabati diaplikasikan bersamaan dengan Waktu tanam, sedangkan irrsektisida sintetik diaplikasikan dengan cara merendam bibit (seedling dipping) selarna dua jam. Selanjutnya insektisida diberikan tiap dua minggu dirnulai setelah tanaman bemmur lebih dari empat minggu dan ada gejala serangan penggerek batang. Siput sawah (Bellamya javanica) dan ikan nus (Cyprinus carpio) mempakan fauna yang mevvakili fauna air. Pada 2 dan 5 hari setelah tanarn ke dalam kurungan kasa dirnasukkan 20 x ekor siput sawah dan 10 ekor ikan mas dan kurungan tersebut dirnasukkan ke dalam caren dilaksanakan dalarn Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Värietas yang digunakan adalah Ciherang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan saponin, rerak dan insektisida kartap dapat mengurangi tingkat kerusakan maman Oleh keong rnas secara nyata di Karawang rnaupun di Sukamandi sedangkan biji teh hanya mengurangi kerusakan di Karawang saja, Insektisida dimehipo, kartap, kabosulfan, dan bensultaf efektif terhadap penggerek batang, sedangkan dari golongan pestisida nabati hanya pestisida rerak yang erektif terhadap penggerek batang padi kuning (Scirpophaga incertulas W). Sampai 8 minggu setelah tanam, rerak dapat menekan serangan penggerek batang hingga 3,5%. Di antara pestisida yang sangat toksik terhadap ikan mas yaitu limbah teh pada infestasi bersarnaan dengan aplikasi pestisida, sedangkan pada 3 hari setelah aplikasi tidak toksik. Insektisida dimehipo, kartap, karbosulfan, bensultaf, dan pestisida nabati saponin, rerak dan biji teh tidak berpengaruh terhadap ikan mas. Abstract The Effectiveness of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticides to the Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata L) and the Rice Stemborer (Scirpophaga incertulas W) and Their Effect on the Water Faunas. Based on the previous trials, botanical pesticides which contain saponin compound were effective against the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata L). The botanical pesticides above- mentioned were Saponin, waste tea (Camellia chinensis) product, tea seed, and rerak or soap fruit (Sapindicus rarak). Some insecticides which were registered for the rice stem borer were reported to be effective to the golden apple snail (GAS). TO evaluate the effectiveness of these botanical pesticides and chemical insecticides against CAS, rice stemborer and water faunas, a field trials were conducted in Karawang and Sukamandi during the year of 2006. The treatments were Saponin 0.5 g/l, tea seed 0.1 g/l, waste tea product 10 VI, rerak 0.5 g/ l, dimehipo 1.2 g active ingredient (ai)/l, cartap 0.25 g ail], carbosulfan 0.4 g ai/l, bensultaf 0,1 g ai/l and fipronil 0.05 g ai/l. Each of botanical pesticide in ground form was applied at the transplanting date, While the chemical insecticides were applied through seedling dipping. All treatments were compared to control or no pesticide ap- plication. Fish carp (Cyprinus carpio) and local snail (Bellamya jauanica) were the focus of observation to represent water faunas. Two and five days after transplanting, a cage containing 20 of fish carps and 20 local snails was located in a trench in each treatment plot. The trials were done in a RCBD arrangement with three replications, planted with Ciherang rice variety The results showed that Saponin and rerak as botanical pesticides and cartap insecticide reduced plant damage due to GAS in both Karawang and Sukamandi, while tea seed effective at Karawang only. Saponin significantly reduced GAS population in the field. Dimehipo, cartap, carbosulfan, and bensultaf were effective to the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incerlulas W). Among botanical pesticides Only soap fruit (rerak) effective against the yellow rice stemborer. The waste tea product was very toxic to fish carp in first infestation, but them was not toxic at 3 days after application of the pesticide.
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    Pengaruh Ketebalan Kemasan dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Efektivitas Campuran Saponin dan Urea Dalam Mengendalikan Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata L)
    (Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2010-11-18) N. Kurniawati; Suharto, Hendarsih
    Abstract Effect of duration of storage and package plastic thickness to effectivity of Saponin mixture to control golden apple snail. Organic molluscicide Saponin, was effective against the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata L), but its effectiveness was only three days. On the hand, basal fertilizer could suppress the golden apple snail (GAS) damage. Effect of duration of storage and three package plastic thickness was evaluated on selected treatments were evaluated. All trials were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Trials were done in the rainy season 2007/2008. Laboratory trials were conducted to test several mixtures between fertilizer urea and Saponin. Two litters of water wash poured to each mixture with concentration 0.2 g/l and put in a 30 cm diameter basin. 20 of 1,5 cm diameter GAS were put in the basin. Damage plant and died GAS observation were held 4 days after infestation. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and differences among means were tested by DMRT 5%. Results of trials showed that: Urea at 100 kg/ha could suppress plant damage due to GAS; Saponin at 20 kg/ha, either in coarse or powder forms had the same effectiveness. Mixture between basal fertilizer Urea + SP36+ KCI and Saponin (20 kg/ha) was more effective compared to Saponin application alone in decreasing plant damage. Abstrak Pestisida nabati berdasarkan percobaan terdahulu efektif terhadap keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata L), namun efektifitasnya hanya tiga hari. Dilain pihak pemupukan dasar dilaporkan dapat mengurangi tingkat serangan keong mas. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh larna penyimpanan dan ketebalan kemasan terhadap efektifitas campuran Saponin, telah di lakukan pengujian di rumah kasa BB Padi pada musim hujan 2007/2008. Percobaan dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (CRD) dengan 3 ulangan. Campuran Saponin dengan pupuk urea urea, diuji daya bunuhnya nya terhadap keong mas dan kerusakan tanaman. Tiap campuran dilarutkan dengan 2 liter air dengan konsentrasi 0,2 g/l air dan ditempatkan ke dalam baskom berdiameter 30 cm. Setelah larutan siap, sebanyak 20 ekor keong mas ukuran 1,5 cm dimasukan ke dalam larutan tersebut. Pengamatan tanaman rusak dan keong yang mati dilakukan pada 4 hari setelah infestasi (HSI). Data dianalisa sidik ragam dan perbedaan diuji dengan DMRT 5%. Hasil pengujian yang baru didapat ialah: Urea pada dosis 100 kg/ha dapat menekan kerusakan tanaman oleh keong mas, Saponin pada dosis 20 kg/ha dalam bentuk tepung atau kasar efektif terhadap keong mas.