PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb)
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obatasli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belumbanyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi danmutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di DesaSikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1)kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancanganacak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng.Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisiameningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akartanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol,tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm.Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapisetelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi danmutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidakberbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organiktanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandangtidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwocengsecara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi,diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masingberturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atausetara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha.Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan,pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa TengahABSTRACTEffect of fertilizer application on production and qualityof Pimpinella pruatjan MolkenbPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesianindigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangeredspecies, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. Theobjective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer applicationon the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research wasconducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2 were (1) control(without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 gSP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed inrandomized block designed with four replications. The result of theresearch showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36+ 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increasedthe simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisiaproduction increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the rootsincreased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants withfertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants withoutfertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part ofplant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot partwithout fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality ofsimplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizerapplication of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . Ithappened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that theapplication of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect.Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia(6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mgK/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha.Key words : Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, fertilizerapplication, growth, production, quality, Central Java