Perkembangan Penelitian Kultur In Vitro pada Tanaman Industri, Pangan, dan Hortikultura
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Date
2002
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Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Abstract
In Vitro Research Development on Industrial, Food, and Horticulture Crops. Ika Mariska.
Studies on plant propagation through tissue culture have been applied in different crops,
including industrial, horticultural, and different endanger species of medicinal crops. Many factors affected the success of plant propagation of perennial crops. Tissue culture Involves various compound (organic or inorganic) in growing media, so that in developing tissue culture, one will need the knowledge in plant physiology, biochemistry, genetic, and plant breeding. With the basic science, experience and strong intuitions, different problems in regeneration system can be solved. Plant genetic improvement have been applied on vanilla, patchouli, ginger, black pepper, and soybean. The methods used In those crops were embryo rescue in vanilla, in vitro selection in black pepper and soybean, and protoplast fusion In eggplant. In soybean, it has been produced different lines of generation 6 (F6) which were planted in acid soil. The lines produced the pods more that any variety released as tolerant variety to acid soil. To transfer the resistance traits to soil borne pathogens protoplast fusion technique has been applied, where Solanum aethiopicum (resitant) was fussed to cultivated eggplant (S. melongena). The anthers of the fused progenies were further cultured to produce the haploid plants, which further backcrossed to S. melongena. The F1 of the backcross (BC1) resistant to soilborn pathogen and the fruits resemblanced the fruits of S. melongena. The processes were supported by breeders, plant pathologist, and agronomist. Genetic conservation has been focused to the endangered medicinal crops. Seven species of endanger medicinal crops and other potential species have been conserved in vitro
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Keywords
fn vitro, industrial crop, food crop, horticulture crop