Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Ragi dalam Kultur In Vitro Plantlet Media Anggrek
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak ragi terhadap pertumbuhan plantlet anggrek dendrobium. Anggrek dendrobium merupakan salah satu jenis anggrek yang disukai konsumen. Tanaman anggrek umumnya menggunakan bibit anggrek asal kultur in vitro. Optimasi komposisi media untuk kultur in vitro sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan multiplikasi maupun kualitas bibit. Salah satu cara optimasi media yaitu dengan pemberian bahan organik kompleks. Bahan penelitian ini adalah plantlet anggrek dendrobium yang ditumbuhkan dalam media Vacin & Went dengan penambahan air kelapa 150 ml/l, sukrosa 20 g/l, dan bubur pisang 50 g/l. Perlakukan-perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas penambahan ekstrak ragi ke dalam media kultur dengan konsentrasi: 0 (kontrol); 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; 1,25; 1,50; 1,75; dan 2,00 g/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak ragi dalam media kultur dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan plantlet anggrek dendrobium. Ekstrak ragi konsentrasi 1,25 g/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik bagi pertumbuhan plantlet dilihat dari tinggi tanaman, luas daun, panjang, dan jumlah akar. Kata kunci: Anggrek dendrobium; Ekstrak ragi; Media; Plantlet. ABSTRACT. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of yeast extract on the growth of dendrobium plantlets. Dendrobium is one of the favourite orchid genera. The orchid plantations generally use orchid seedlings that are obtained through in vitro culture. Media optimization is a critical point for improving the capacity of seedling mul- tiplication and quality. One of the methods to enrich the medium was the use of a complex organic mixture of yeast ex- tract. The materials used in this research were dendrobium orchid plantlets that were cultivated in Vacin & Went medium with the addition of 150 ml/l of coconut water, 20 g/l of sucrose and 50 g/l of banana pulp. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were the addition of yeast extract into the culture medium of concentrations of 0 (control); 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50; 1.75; and 2.00 g/l. The results showed that the use of yeast in the culture media significantly increased growth of dendrobium plantlets. Concentration of 1.25 g/l was the best for the performance of plantlets in term of plants height, leaf size, root length and number of roots.
Keywords
Dendrobium orchid; Yeast extract; Media; Plantlet.