Evaluasi Tingkat Serangan Penggerek Buah Kopi Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada Kultivar Kopi Arabika AGK-1
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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Kopi Arabika berbuah kuning (AGK-1) merupakan kultivar unggul lokal yang telah dikembangkan secara luas di wilayah Kabupaten Garut dan beberapa kabupaten lainnya di Jawa Barat. Keunggulan kultivar ini adalah produktivitas tinggi, ukuran biji besar, dan mutu citarasa spesialti. Salah satu kendala dalam budi daya tanaman kopi adalah serangan kumbang penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) Hypothenemus hampei, yang merupakan hama penting tanaman kopi di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tingkat serangan hama PBKo pada kultivar AGK-1 di lapangan dan laboratorium. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2016. Pengamatan tingkat serangan PBKo di lapangan dilakukan di blok Ciawer dan Legok Gede, Desa Margamulya, Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada tanaman berumur 4 tahun (1.450 m dpl), 6 tahun (1.300 m dpl), 9 tahun (1.350 m dpl), dan 11 tahun (1.300 m dpl). Pengujian tingkat serangan PBKo terhadap buah kopi AGK-1 dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, menggunakan metode pilihan dan tanpa pilihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase serangan H. hampei pada kultivar AGK-1 di lapangan pada semua umur tanaman dan elevasi sangat rendah (3,24%–6,76%). Hasil pengujian di laboratorium menunjukkan persentase serangan PBKo pada kultivar AGK-1 cukup tinggi, baik menggunakan metode tanpa pilihan maupun pilihan, yaitu masing-masing 51,25% dan 17,5%. Akan tetapi, tingkat kerusakan biji yang ditimbulkan tergolong rendah dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan kultivar/varietas lainnya, yaitu 19,37% dan 6,25%.
The yellow Arabica coffee (AGK-1) is a superior local cultivar that has been widely developed in the Garut regency and several other districts in West Java. The advantages of this cultivar are high productivity, large berry size, and specialty flavor quality. One of the obstacles in its development is the coffee berry borer (CBB attack), caused by Hypothenemus hampei, which is the main pest of coffee plants worldwide. The objective of the study was to evaluate the percentage of infestation in Arabica coffee cultivars of AGK-1 both in laboratory and on field studies. The research was conducted from March to August 2016. The observation of CBB infestation level in the field was carried out in Ciawer and Legok Gede Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency, West Java, taken on 4 years old plants (1,450 m asl), 6 years (1,300 m asl), 9 years (1,350 m asl), and 11 years (1,300 m asl). Infestation testing of CBB was conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, using the method of choice and non choice test. The result showed that the percentage of H. hampei infestation on AGK-1 yellow Arabica coffee cultivar on field at all age and altitudes was low (3.24%–6.76%). Whereas laboratory testing showed that infestation level of CBB on yellow Arabica coffee cultivar AGK-1 as the highest, both from the choice and non choice test (51.25% and 17.5% respectively). On the other hand, the berry damage was low and not significantly different from other cultivars/varieties (19.37% and 6.25% respectively).
The yellow Arabica coffee (AGK-1) is a superior local cultivar that has been widely developed in the Garut regency and several other districts in West Java. The advantages of this cultivar are high productivity, large berry size, and specialty flavor quality. One of the obstacles in its development is the coffee berry borer (CBB attack), caused by Hypothenemus hampei, which is the main pest of coffee plants worldwide. The objective of the study was to evaluate the percentage of infestation in Arabica coffee cultivars of AGK-1 both in laboratory and on field studies. The research was conducted from March to August 2016. The observation of CBB infestation level in the field was carried out in Ciawer and Legok Gede Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency, West Java, taken on 4 years old plants (1,450 m asl), 6 years (1,300 m asl), 9 years (1,350 m asl), and 11 years (1,300 m asl). Infestation testing of CBB was conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, using the method of choice and non choice test. The result showed that the percentage of H. hampei infestation on AGK-1 yellow Arabica coffee cultivar on field at all age and altitudes was low (3.24%–6.76%). Whereas laboratory testing showed that infestation level of CBB on yellow Arabica coffee cultivar AGK-1 as the highest, both from the choice and non choice test (51.25% and 17.5% respectively). On the other hand, the berry damage was low and not significantly different from other cultivars/varieties (19.37% and 6.25% respectively).
Keywords
Kopi Arabika; tingkat serangan; Hypothenemus hampei, Arabica coffee; attack level; Hypothenemus hampei