IMPROVEMENT OF CALLUS FORMATION OF CASHEW IN VITRO CULTURE FROM LEAF AND FLOWER PETAL EXPLANTS

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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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The increasing of the callus formation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) from leaf explants and the petals have successfully done through the use of a combination of plant growth regulators 2,4-D, pocloram and BA. On leaf explants the highest percentage of callus formation was obtained in combination treatment of plant growth regulators 2,4-D 5 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l and 2,4-D 5 mg/l + picloram 0.5 mg/l with callus formation percentage of 33.3%. On the use of petal explants the highest percentage of callus formation was obtained on 2,4-D treatment of 10 mg/l with callus formation percentage of 40%. Formed callus were blackish brown demonstrate the use of PVP 200 mg/l still can not overcome the problem of phenol oxidation.
Peningkatan persentase pembentukan kalus jambu mete (Anacardoum occidentale L.) dari eksplan daun dan mahkota bunga telah berhasil dilakukan melalui penggunaan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4-D, pokloram dan BA. Pada eksplan daun rata-rata persentase pembentukan kalus paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4-D 5 mg/l + BA 1 mg/l dan 2,4-D 5 mg/l + pikloram 0.5 mg/l dengan persentase pembentukan kalus 33.3%. Pada penggunaan eksplan mahkota bunga rata-rata persentase pembentukan kalus paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 2,4-D 10 mg/l sebesar 40%. Kalus yang terbentuk berwarna coklat kehitaman yang mengindikasikan penggunaan PVP 200 mg/l masih belum dapat mengatasi masalah oksidasi fenol.
Keywords
Anacardium occidentale L.; callus; leaves, petals, , Anacardium occidentale L.; kalus; daun; mahkota bunga
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