Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Kandidat Varietas Nenas Rendah Oksalat dan Manis Tanpa Duri
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Date
2011-12-02
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Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development
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Kandungan Ca-oksalat yang tinggi pada buah nenas kurang baik bagi kesehatan, sedangkan tanaman nenas yang daunnya tidak berduri memudahkan petani dalam pemeliharaannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa kandidat varietas nenas rendah oksalat dan nenas manis tanpa duri. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Juni 2009 sampai dengan Desember 2010 di Kebun Percobaan Subang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan yaitu dua kandidat varietas nenas rendah oksalat (Q dan EE), satu kandidat varietas nenas manis tanpa duri (P), dan dua varietas pembanding (Simadu dan Ponggok) dengan empat ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 52 tanaman dan jumlah sampel yang diamati ialah 10 tanaman yang diambil secara acak. Tanaman nenas ditanam dengan sistem dua baris, jarak antarbaris 90 cm dan jarak tanam dalam baris (50 x 50) cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada akhir pertumbuhan vegetatif (umur 11 bulan setelah tanam) rerata tinggi tanaman pada aksesi yang diuji berbeda nyata, sedangkan varietas Ponggok mempunyai tinggi tanaman tertinggi (88,94 cm), jumlah daun antaraksesi tidak berbeda nyata, yaitu berkisar 41-51 helai. Persentase tanaman berbuah terbanyak ialah varietas Ponggok (94,86%), sebaliknya varietas Simadu paling sedikit (5,6%). Aksesi P, Q, dan EE mempunyai kualitas buah yang kurang baik dibandingkan varietas pembanding Simadu, tetapi aksesi EE mempunyai kualitas buah (bobot buah 910,00 g, vitamin C 24,53 mg/100 g, dan kadar oksalat 486,85 ppm) yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Ponggok. Aksesi EE berpeluang untuk dijadikan varietas unggul baru.The high Ca-oxalate content in pineapple fruit is not good for health. Meanwhile pineapple plants with spineless leaves make farmers easy in their maintainance. The aim of this research was to evaluate growth and yield of several pineapple candidates with low oxalate, sweet taste, and spineless leaves. The research was conducted from June 2009 to December 2010 at Subang Research Station. A randomized block design with five treatments (two candidates of pineapple varieties with low oxalate content (Q and EE), one candidate of pineapple variety with spineless leaves (P), and two popular varieties as comparison (Simadu and Ponggok) with four replications was used in this study. Each unit experiment consisted of 52 plants and 10 plants of sampled randomly were observed. Pineapple plants were planted in two rows with plant distance 50x50 cm. The results showed that at the end of vegetative growth (11 months after planting) the average plant height of accessions tested were significantly different, Ponggok variety had the highest of plant height (88.94 cm) but the number of leaves ranging from 41-51was not significantly different. Ponggok variety had the highest percentage of fruiting plants (94.86%), and conversely Simadu variety was the least one (5.6%). Accessions of P, Q, and EE produced lower fruit quality than Simadu, but accession of EE had better fruit quality in fruit weight 910.00 g, vitamin C 24.53 mg/100 g, and oxalate content 486.25 ppm than Ponggok variety. The EE was a promising accession that can be realeased as a new superior variety.