Genetic Variability of 21 Tea Genotypes [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Based on RAPD Markers

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Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
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Knowing the genetic diversity in the tea germplasms collection is one of important conditions for assembling new superior varieties. Information of genetic diversity can be obtained through analysis using RAPD molecular markers. The study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 21 tea genotypes based on RAPD markers. The research was conducted in Integrated Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop, Bogor, from July to September 2013. Genomic DNA was isolated from 21 tea genotypes leaf samples, then amplified with primer OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, and OPD 08. Electrophoresis result was converted into binary data. The genetic similarity and cluster analysis calculation was done using NTSYS-pc version 2.10. In this research, 50 polymorphic bands (94,34%) and 3 monomorphic band (5,66%) were obtained. Cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmatic (UPGMA) divided 21 tea genotypes into two groups at a genetic similarity value of 0,48. Group 1 consisted of 20 tea genotypes, while the second group comprised only a one genotype (Sin 27). The range of genetic similarity matrix was between 28%–92%, the lowest genetic similarity (28%) was found between GMB 4 and Sin 27 genotypes, while the highest (92%) was found between AS 2 and AS 1 genotypes. The information obtained can be utilized in breeding programs with the support of agronomic characters as well as in the conservation of tea germplasm.
Keragaman genetik dalam koleksi plasma nutfah tanaman merupakan salah satu syarat penting dalam upaya merakit varietas unggul baru. Informasi mengenai keragaman genetik dapat diperoleh melalui analisis menggunakan penanda molekuler random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman genetik 21 genotipe teh menggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu Seameo Biotrop, Bogor, mulai bulan Juli sampai September 2013. DNA genom diisolasi dari sampel daun teh, selanjutnya diamplifikasi menggunakan primer OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, dan OPD 08. Hasil elektroforesis diubah ke dalam bentuk data biner. Perhitungan koefisien kesamaan genetik dan analisis klaster menggunakan perangkat lunak NTSYS-pc versi 2.10. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 50 pita polimorfik (94,34%) dan 3 pita monomorfik (5,66%). Analisis klaster berdasarkan jarak genetik Nei menggunakan metode unweighted pair-group method with arithmatic (UPGMA) memisahkan 21 genotipe teh ke dalam 2 klaster utama pada nilai kesamaan genetik 0,48. Kelompok 1 terdiri dari 20 genotipe, sedangkan kelompok 2 hanya terdiri dari satu genotipe (Sin 27). Rentang matriks nilai kesamaan genetik adalah 28%–92%. Kesamaan genetik terendah (28%) ditunjukkan pasangan genotipe GMB 4 dan Sin 27, sedangkan yang tertinggi (92%) antara genotipe AS 2 dan AS 1. Informasi yang diperoleh dan didukung dengan karakter agronomis dapat dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan maupun konservasi plasma nutfah teh.
Keywords
Camellia sinensis; genetic variability; RAPD marker, , Camellia sinensis; keragaman genetik; penanda RAPD,
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